Past, present, and future trends in boar taint detection

Burgeon, Clément; Debliquy, Marc; Lahem, Driss; Rodriguez, Justine; Ly, Ahmadou; Fauconnier, Marie‐Laure

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.007

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In sensory evaluations, consumers in several European countries (including Portugal and Spain) found high levels of AND to be less noticeable when levels of SKA were low [ 10 ]. However, the importance of AND in consumer rejection should not be underestimated, and some recent publications suggest lower thresholds for consumer detection of AND (e.g., 500 to 1000 ng/g [ 84 ]). While consumer sensitivity to boar taint compounds, particularly AND, varies, as reviewed by [ 85 ], their evaluation by trained panels, which is currently underway for pork from pigs used in this trial, is important and will complement the chemical analyses of boar taint compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Finishing of Intact Male Portuguese Alentejano Pigs on a Sustainable High-Fiber Diet: Impacts on Blood, Growth, Carcass, Meat Quality and Boar Taint Compounds

Martins,

Varino,

Charneca

et al. 2023

Animals

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This trial evaluated the effect of sex on the blood, growth, carcass, meat quality, and boar taint compounds in male Alentejano (AL) pigs (n = 30). From ~40 to 130 kg LW, castrated (C) and intact pigs (I and IExp groups) were fed commercial diets ad libitum. Between ~130 and 160 kg (slaughter), C and I pigs continued on commercial diets, while IExp were fed an experimental diet containing locally produced pulses and by-products aimed at reducing boar taint. At ~160 kg, blood urea levels were higher in IExp than C pigs, triacylglycerols were lower in both intact groups, and cortisol was lower in IExp. IExp pigs exhibited faster growth, improved feed conversion ratio, carcass higher commercial yield and leaner meat than C pigs. The loin intramuscular fat in intact pigs was lower, less saturated and more polyunsaturated, while total collagen was higher. Fat androstenone content was higher in intact pigs and skatole content was similar across treatments, although they were below threshold values for consumer detection. Finally, although boar taint compounds were low in intact AL pigs raised outdoors, adding pulses and by-products to the experimental diet did not result in a reduction in fat skatole content compared to pigs fed the commercial diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Finishing of Intact Male Portuguese Alentejano Pigs on a Sustainable High-Fiber Diet: Impacts on Blood, Growth, Carcass, Meat Quality and Boar Taint Compounds

Martins,

Varino,

Charneca

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Hence, due to increased animal welfare concerns, European pork production stakeholders agreed to prohibit surgical castration of male piglets from 2018. These objectives are yet to be fully achieved successfully [15,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2022

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Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, including liquid chromatography coupling, shotgun lipidomics, MS imaging, and ion mobility, are widely used to analyze lipids. However, with enhanced separation capacity and an optimized chemical derivatization approach, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) can be a powerful tool to investigate some groups of small lipids in the framework of lipidomics. This study describes the optimization of a dedicated two-stage derivatization and extraction process to analyze different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in plasma by two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) using a full factorial design. The optimized condition has a composite desirability of 0.9159. This optimized sample preparation and chromatographic condition were implemented to differentiate between positive (BT) and negative (UT) boar-tainted pigs based on fatty acid profiling in pig serum using GC×GC–TOFMS. A chemometric screening, including unsupervised (PCA, HCA) and supervised analysis (PLS–DA), as well as univariate analysis (volcano plot), was performed. The results suggested that the concentration of PUFA ω-6 and cholesterol derivatives were significantly increased in BT pigs, whereas SFA and PUFA ω-3 concentrations were increased in UT pigs. The metabolic pathway and quantitative enrichment analysis suggest the significant involvement of linolenic acid metabolism.

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“…Piglet castration is performed to avoid undesired behaviors such as aggression and to prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant odor in meat, known as boar taint, a smell that many consumers find repulsive [5]. Studies have shown that piglet castration, even performed soon after birth, can cause tremendous pain, incurring strong public disapproval [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scenario Analysis for Implementing Immunocastration as a Single Solution for Piglet Castration

Lin-Schilstra

Ingenbleek

2022

Animals

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Painful castration of male piglets to avoid boar taint can potentially be replaced by three more ethical alternatives: entire male production in combination with a detection method, immunocastration (an active vaccination against the gonadotrophin-releasing factor, GnRF), and castration with pain relief (anesthesia and/or analgesia). With the aim of abandoning piglet castration and facilitating internal trade, the European Union (EU) was initially in favor of a single alternative. Immunocastration was proposed as a potential solution, but it has not yet been sufficiently assessed regarding its market potential. To address this point, this paper uses scenario analysis to examine whether and under what conditions immunocastration could be the general solution sought by the EU. The study constructs two extreme scenarios: one in which all uncertain elements negatively influence the growth of immunocastration; another in which all uncertain elements have positive influences. These scenarios provide insights into the variance in possible futures for the implementation of immunocastration. The results show that it is unlikely that immunocastration will become a single solution for all producers in the EU, because it is not the optimal solution for all types of EU pork production systems (i.e., cost-efficiency oriented, quality oriented, animal-friendly oriented, import dependent). Rather than debating and looking for evidence about which single method is the best for the entire EU, EU authorities are advised to allow the co-existence of all alternatives and to develop protocols for applying them in the pork industry.

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Past, present, and future trends in boar taint detection

Cited by 14 publications

References 83 publications

Outdoor Finishing of Intact Male Portuguese Alentejano Pigs on a Sustainable High-Fiber Diet: Impacts on Blood, Growth, Carcass, Meat Quality and Boar Taint Compounds

Outdoor Finishing of Intact Male Portuguese Alentejano Pigs on a Sustainable High-Fiber Diet: Impacts on Blood, Growth, Carcass, Meat Quality and Boar Taint Compounds

Lipid Serum Profiling of Boar-Tainted and Untainted Pigs Using GC×GC–TOFMS: An Exploratory Study

A Scenario Analysis for Implementing Immunocastration as a Single Solution for Piglet Castration

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