“…For these reasons, Mertens (2015) challenged researchers to find novel approaches to investigate and address the complex issues faced by society that are rooted in difference and inequity. Wells and Stage (2015) echoed this sentiment while calling attention to the reality that even the term critical is not applied uniformly across the existing literature. With that in mind, a major question that comes out of this study is: Should investigative efforts be geared toward the pursuit of more accurate measures of SWB to adequately demonstrate the negative impact of biased social institutions as described in CRT, or would it be more prudent to address issues of inequity so that perceptions of SWB are more comparable across groups?…”
The present study explores how Black and White youth respond to measures of subjective well-being within the context of critical race theory (CRT). Three levels of measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric and scalar) were examined for indicators of subjective well-being. We hypothesized that there would be limited measurement invariance across groups based on the premise established by CRT that youth of color experience and perceive life differently than their White peers, which was supported. The findings of this study demonstrate that the measures work as expected within groups, but there is a considerable lack of invariance across groups. This study also provides some evidence that racial/ethnic differences cannot be taken for granted when assessing SWB in youth.
“…For these reasons, Mertens (2015) challenged researchers to find novel approaches to investigate and address the complex issues faced by society that are rooted in difference and inequity. Wells and Stage (2015) echoed this sentiment while calling attention to the reality that even the term critical is not applied uniformly across the existing literature. With that in mind, a major question that comes out of this study is: Should investigative efforts be geared toward the pursuit of more accurate measures of SWB to adequately demonstrate the negative impact of biased social institutions as described in CRT, or would it be more prudent to address issues of inequity so that perceptions of SWB are more comparable across groups?…”
The present study explores how Black and White youth respond to measures of subjective well-being within the context of critical race theory (CRT). Three levels of measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric and scalar) were examined for indicators of subjective well-being. We hypothesized that there would be limited measurement invariance across groups based on the premise established by CRT that youth of color experience and perceive life differently than their White peers, which was supported. The findings of this study demonstrate that the measures work as expected within groups, but there is a considerable lack of invariance across groups. This study also provides some evidence that racial/ethnic differences cannot be taken for granted when assessing SWB in youth.
“…In fields and disciplines such as higher education, sociology, and gender studies, in which many scholars engage in critically transformative research, policy, and practice, there is an emergent interest in work that includes critical quantitative analysis, regardless of whether the study is entirely quantitative or it pairs qualitative and quantitative work in a critical mixed-methodological approach ( Baez, 2007 ; Browne, 2007 ; Carter and Hurtado, 2007 ; Faircloth et al ., 2015 ; Wells and Stage, 2015 ). Quantitative research and the large-scale and big data that often accompany it are frequently used to make policy and programmatic decisions.…”
Section: Critical Theoretical Framework and Methodological Approachementioning
This essay details the usefulness of critical theoretical frameworks and critical mixed-methodological approaches for life sciences education research on broadening participation in the life sciences.
“…Therefore, institutional ethnographic approaches can be one way to bridge the individual, organizational, and sociopolitical to understand the functions of whiteness at this present moment and to also call into attention the effects encountered by People of Color. Finally, as quantitative scholars continue to wrestle with the potential of grounding their work in a critical epistemology (Wells and Stage, 2015), there is an opportunity to consider how researchers can mobilize CWS and the propositions named above in quantitative studies. Although these are but three examples, they serve as potential ways through which scholars can take up our call to engage different methodologies and methods to pinpoint how whiteness is operating within colleges and universities.…”
Section: Implications For Research and Practicementioning
James Baldwin (1998) described whiteness as “the big lie” of American society where the belief in the inherent superiority of white people allowed for, emboldened, and facilitated violence against People of Color. In the post-Civil Rights era, scholars reframed whiteness as an invisible, hegemonic social norm, and a great deal of education scholarship continues to be rooted in this metaphor of invisibility. However, Leonardo (2020) theorized that in a post-45 era of “whitelash” (Embrick et al., 2020), “post-colorblindness” is more accurate to describe contemporary racial stratification whereby whiteness is both (a) more visible and (b) increasingly appealing to perceived injuries of “reverse racism.” From this perspective, we offer three theoretical concepts to guide the future of whiteness in education scholarship. Specifically, we argue that scholars critically studying whiteness in education must explicitly: (1) address the historicity of whiteness, (2) analyze the public embrace of whiteness, and (3) emphasize the material consequences of whiteness on the lives of People of Color. By doing this, we argue that critical scholars of race in higher education will more clearly understand the changing nature of whiteness while avoiding the analytical trap of invisibility that is decreasingly relevant.
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