Particle size and concentration of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and adipate modified starch blend on mineralization in soils with differing textures

César, M.E.F.; Mariani, Pilar Drummond Sampaio Corrêa; Mei, Lucía Helena Innocentini; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.05.002

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Soil texture is also a key factor that affects the rate of polymer degradation. César et al (2009) found that degradation was enhanced in clay soils when compared with sandy soils. De Souza Machado et al (2018) showed the potential of MPs to disturb vital relationships between soil and water due to the effect of MPs on bulk density, and water holding capacity, as well as its consequences for soil structure and microbial activity.…”

Section: Mps In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution

Karbalaei

Hanachi

Walker

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

407

168

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The presence and accumulation of plastic and microplastic (MP) debris in the natural environment is of increasing concern and has become the focus of attention for many researchers. Plastic debris is a prolific, long-lived pollutant, that is highly resistant to environmental degradation, readily adheres hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants and is linked to morbidity and mortality in numerous aquatic organisms. The prevalence of MPs within the natural environment are a symptom of continuous and rapid growth in synthetic plastic production and mismanagement of plastic waste. Many terrestrial and marine-based processes, including domestic and industrial drainage, maritime activities agricultural runoff and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent, contribute to MP pollution in aquatic environments. MPs have been identified in food consumed by human and in air samples, and exposure to MPs via ingestion or inhalation could lead to adverse human health effects. Regulations in many countries have already been established or will soon be implemented to reduce MPs in aquatic environments. This review focuses on the occurrence, sources, and transport of MPs in terrestrial and aquatic environments to highlight potential human health effects, and applicable regulations to mitigate impacts of MPs. This study also highlights the importance of personality traits and cognitive ability in reducing the entry of MPs into the environment.

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Section: Mps In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution

Karbalaei

Hanachi

Walker

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

407

168

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“…The majority of published studies related to ecotoxicity of biodegradable polymers are focused on germination assays on plants such as: radish, rice and beans [8][9][10]. According to ASTM D6400 [11], the standard related to certification of compostable plastics, the ecotoxicological test recommended to access terrestrial safety is evaluation of germination rate and plant biomass, using the guide OECD 208 for two different plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity Evaluation of the Biodegradable Polymers PLA, PBAT and its Blends Using Allium cepa as Test Organism

et al. 2017

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polymeric packages), the eventual risks associated to polymers and its by-products should be assessed. Most of the biodegradable polymers belong to the polyester group, since ester groups are susceptible to hydrolysis, favouring the formation of low molecular weight substances that can be assimilated by microorganisms and converted into water, carbon dioxide, biomass and degradation products [1]. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT) and Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are examples of biodegradable polyesters with potential agriculture applications as soil covering (mulching) [2, 3]. On 1990s, BASF launched the Ecoflex ® , a PBAT. This is a fossil-based polyester proposed for different applications as agricultural films and packaging [4]. It has also been used in blends with another polyester, PLA (poly lactic acid), aiming to overcome various drawbacks of PLA such as its brittleness and processability limitations [5]. In order to evaluate ecotoxicity related to biodegradable polymers it is important to define timing for assessment. A plastic material can be safe before biodegradation, but may be toxic during degradation. Besides, suitable and sensitive test methods should be considered [6]. Witt et al. identified by gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) the by-products of PBAT degradation by the actynomycete Thermomonospora fusca. The solution with intermediates of Ecoflex degradation (1,4-butanediol, adipic acid and terephtalic acid) were tested by Daphnia magna and Photobacterium phosphoreum. In this study no significant toxicological effects were observed [7]. Besides, Ecoflex has been tested for following toxicological assays: terrestrial plant toxicity (OECD 208), earthworm toxicity (OECD 207), primary skin irritation rabbit (OECD 404), primary irritations of the mucus membrane rabbit (OECD 205), guinea pig (OECD 406), LD 50 rat (OECD 423) and Ames test (OECD 471). The tests Abstract Biodegradable polymers are considered a feasible option to minimize the environment impacts of high disposal of solid waste. Nevertheless, environmental safety of these materials is a few explored issue. In this context, this study evaluated ecotoxicological effects in soil of the biodegradable materials poly(lactic acid)-PLA, poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate)-PBAT and their blends compatibilized with a chain extender. The tool used for this analysis was the bioassay with Allium cepa as test organism. The studied materials were not phytotoxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic nor mutagenic for meristematic cells of A. cepa.

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“…The volume of plastic waste worldwide continues to grow at alarming rates every year and the time required for its biodegradation is often unknown (Rosa et al, 2002;Takasu et al, 2002;César et al, 2009). Polymers and synthetic blends are largely inert and resistant to environmental degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been estimated that the plastics make up 14 million tons of municipal solid waste/year and 100,000 tons/year in the ocean (Reddy et al, 2003). Hence, to reduce the dependence on the landfills, interest has increasingly focused on the production and use of biodegradable polymers (César et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2003). Among the biodegradable synthetic polymers, the aliphatic polymers, including the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and a blend of poly(vinyl alcohol) with starch, are considered promising materials (Darwis et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of blend films PVA/PVC, PVA/PCL in soil and soil with landfill leachate

Campos

Marconato

Martins-Franchetti

2011

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Particle size and concentration of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and adipate modified starch blend on mineralization in soils with differing textures

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution

Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution

Ecotoxicity Evaluation of the Biodegradable Polymers PLA, PBAT and its Blends Using Allium cepa as Test Organism

Biodegradation of blend films PVA/PVC, PVA/PCL in soil and soil with landfill leachate

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