Partially acidulated reactive phosphate rock (PAPR) fertilizer and its reactions in soil

Golden, D. C.; White, Rob; Tillman, R. W.; Stewart, R. B.

doi:10.1007/bf01054329

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The formation of MCP on Mars is likely an indicator of the reaction of acid‐sulfate solutions under low fluid:rock ratios so that fluid transport was minimal. Because hydrated MCP alters to brushite in acidic soil environments on Earth [ Golden et al ., ], the presence of hydrated MCP may therefore also indicate the absence of water:rock ratios comparable to such terrestrial soil environments, in which MCP alters to brushite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under these conditions, the results of this study, consistent with MER Mössbauer data, imply dissolution of primary phosphate phases and precipitation of ferrian giniite. The fact that MCP dissolves rapidly to form brushite under aqueous conditions on Earth [ Golden et al ., ] suggests that under conditions with sufficient fluid transport to allow transport of Fe 3+ bearing acid‐sulfate solutions, MCP would not persist. The larger excess Fe 2 O 3 + FeO for PasoRobles compared to PasoLight1 is attributed to the presence of significant hematite for the former as shown by MB data [ Morris et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid sulfate alteration of fluorapatite, basaltic glass and olivine by hydrothermal vapors and fluids: Implications for fumarolic activity and secondary phosphate phases in sulfate‐rich Paso Robles soil at Gusev Crater, Mars

et al. 2013

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[1] Phosphate-rich rocks and a nearby phosphate-rich soil, Paso Robles, were analyzed in Gusev Crater, Mars, by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and interpreted to be highly altered, possibly by hydrothermal or fumarolic alteration of primary, phosphate-rich material. To test mineral phases resulting from such alteration, we performed hydrothermal acid-vapor and acid-fluid experiments on olivine (Ol), fluorapatite (Ap), and basaltic glass (Gl) as single phases and a mixture of phases. Minerals formed include Ca-, Al-, Fe-and Mg-sulfates with different hydration states (anhydrite, bassanite, gypsum; alunogen; hexahydrite, and pentahydrite). Phosphate-bearing minerals formed included monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCP) (acid-vapor and acid-fluid alteration of fluorapatite only) and ferrian giniite (acid-fluid alteration of the Ol + Gl + Ap mixture). MCP is likely present in Paso Robles if primary Ca-phosphate minerals reacted with sulfuric acid with little transport of phosphate. Under fluid:rock ratios allowing transport of phosphate, a ferric phosphate phase such as ferrian giniite might form instead. Mössbauer measurements of ferrian giniite-bearing alteration products and synthetic ferrian giniite are consistent with Spirit's Mössbauer measurements of the ferric-bearing phase in Paso Robes soil, but are also consistent with ferric sulfate phases in the low-P soil Arad_Samra. Therefore, Mössbauer data alone do not constrain the fluid:rock ratio. However, the excess iron (hematite) in Paso Robles soil, which implies aqueous transport, combined with our laboratory experiments, suggest acid-sulfate alteration in a hydrothermal (fumarolic) environment at fluid:rock ratios sufficient to allow dissolution, transport, and precipitation of secondary chemical components including a ferric phosphate such as ferrian giniite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid sulfate alteration of fluorapatite, basaltic glass and olivine by hydrothermal vapors and fluids: Implications for fumarolic activity and secondary phosphate phases in sulfate‐rich Paso Robles soil at Gusev Crater, Mars

et al. 2013

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“…Observation of temporal P dynamics in the soil and rhizosphere at high spatial resolution is desirable but technically challenging. A few studies have used radioisotopes to monitor P diffusion with time (e.g., Golden, White, Tillman, & Stewart, ). One of the limitations of this technique is that it cannot distinguish between radioactive P in labile‐P and fixed‐P pools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diffusion of P to roots occurs over a short distance, typically in the centimeter to sub-millimeter range. In barley, Gahoonia and Nielsen (2003) demonstrated that the effective P-depletion zone is 2.0 to 0.8 mm from the root, corresponding to the root hair length. Observation of temporal P dynamics in the soil and rhizosphere at high spatial resolution is desirable but technically challenging.…”

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Generating a high‐resolution map of labile soil phosphorus using ferrous oxide–impregnated paper combined with scanning electron microscopy

Erel

2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Slow diffusion and high fixation of phosphorus (P) in soils are major factors limiting its availability to plants. To develop efficient P management, monitoring the dynamics of P movement and availability is essential. However, most soil P tests are destructive, with coarse resolution. We developed a semi‐quantitative nondestructive approach for determining labile soil P using ferrous oxide (FeO)‐impregnated paper coupled with high‐resolution imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FeO paper was immersed in solutions containing different P concentrations and subjected to SEM equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed high agreement between P extracted from the FeO papers and the SEM‐EDS measurements (R2 = 0.96), indicating the approach's feasibility. Different SEM‐EDS operational conditions were tested, and optimal conditions are described. We then applied the FeO‐paper method to calcareous soil with added P and found good agreement with Olsen (R2 = 0.99) and FeO‐gel (R2 = 0.96) extraction results. Finally, we created a high‐resolution (sub‐centimeter) map of labile P diffusing from P granules into calcareous, sandy, and acidic soils. The four repetitions (per soil) showed good agreement, with maximal percent deviation of <16%. Diffusion of P was limited to 10 mm from its point of application in calcareous soil, whereas it extended to ∼20 mm in the sandy and acidic soils. After 20 d, P lability dropped considerably in all soils, but the P‐diffusion front extended further in the acidic and sandy soils than in calcareous soil. The study illustrates the feasibility of using FeO paper with SEM to generate 2D maps of P lability at sub‐centimeter resolution.

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Innovations in beneficiation technology for low grade phosphate rocks

Zafar

Anwar

Pritchard

1996

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Partially acidulated reactive phosphate rock (PAPR) fertilizer and its reactions in soil

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Acid sulfate alteration of fluorapatite, basaltic glass and olivine by hydrothermal vapors and fluids: Implications for fumarolic activity and secondary phosphate phases in sulfate‐rich Paso Robles soil at Gusev Crater, Mars

Acid sulfate alteration of fluorapatite, basaltic glass and olivine by hydrothermal vapors and fluids: Implications for fumarolic activity and secondary phosphate phases in sulfate‐rich Paso Robles soil at Gusev Crater, Mars

Generating a high‐resolution map of labile soil phosphorus using ferrous oxide–impregnated paper combined with scanning electron microscopy

Innovations in beneficiation technology for low grade phosphate rocks

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