Parthenocarpy in Tomato

George, William L.; Scott, John F.; Splittstoesser, Walter E.

doi:10.1002/9781118060797.ch2

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Auxin plays an important role in fruit development by parthenocarpy (Gouguet et al, 2005); the expression of genetic parthenocarpy is correlated with the accumulation of auxin in the ovary (George et al, 1984;Ikeda et al, 1999;Pandolfini et al, 2002). Johkan et al (2010) suggested that a high level of indoleacetic acid at the base of the style inhibited pollen tube elongation, and prevented fertilization and ovule development in a pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes

Ohkawa

Sugahara

Oda

2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes is sufficiently low for the propagation of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars. To establish the technology to promote seed formation in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato plants, we examined the effects of paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, on seed formation. The parthenocarpic F 1 cultivar 'Renaissance', that has the homozygote recessive gene pat-2, was treated with paclobutrazol at 0 (control), 0.2, 1, 5, or 25 mg per pot (5.1 L) by irrigation to the culture medium. With increasing application of paclobutrazol, stem diameter increased, while stem length, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit fresh weight decreased. The percentage of fruits with seeds increased with increasing levels of paclobutrazol, and it reached 100% with 1 mg/pot and higher. Seed number per fruit increased from 12 at 0 mg/pot of paclobutrazol to 52 and 74 at 1 and 5 mg/pot, respectively. To confirm the practicality of this technology, the parthenocarpic purebred strain 'PASK-1', the seed parent of 'Renaissance', was treated with 0 (control), 1, or 5 mg/pot of paclobutrazol. All flowers of 'PASK-1' were emasculated before flowering and crossed at flowering with pollen of the parthenocarpic purebred strain 'PF811K', the pollen parent of 'Renaissance'. The percentage of fruits with seeds increased from 59% at 0 mg/pot of paclobutrazol to higher than 95% at 1 and 5 mg/pot. Seed number per fruit increased from 21 at 0 mg/pot of paclobutrazol to 45 and 46 at 1 and 5 mg/pot, respectively. From these results, we concluded that paclobutrazol promotes seed formation in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes

Ohkawa

Sugahara

Oda

2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Subsequently, it has been reported that parthenocarpic fruits can be induced in a wide variety of plants by treatment with auxin and/or GA (reviewed in Goodwin 1978). In addition, elevated or altered levels of phytohormones have also been reported during fruit growth in naturally occurring parthenocarpic plants (Mapelli et al 1978;George et al 1984;Talon et al 1990Talon et al , 1992. These Wndings suggest that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and/or GA function as a trigger and/or promoter for an unpollinated quiescent ovary to undergo cell division and elongation and for activation of fruit developmentrelated processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rice fruit development is associated with an increased IAA content in pollinated ovaries

Uchiumi

Okamoto

2010

Planta

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To analyze fruit set and early fruit (caryopsis) development in rice, we established an in vitro spikelet culture system. The ovary of cultured pollinated spikelets grew rapidly and developed into fruits with an embryo and endosperm. When unpollinated spikelets were cultured on a medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, parthenocarpic fruits lacking an embryo and endosperm developed. The number and size of the cells in the pericarp of parthenocarpic fruits were almost identical to those of fruits induced by pollination, and degeneration of nucellus tissue was observed in both pollinated and parthenocarpic fruits. These results suggested that ovary growth was induced through increased auxin content in the spikelets. Quantitative measurement of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in the spikelets indicated that the IAA level increased after pollination. Further analysis of IAA contents in the ovary and rachilla-pedicel of cultured spikelets suggested that fruit development is associated with IAA synthesis in the ovary following pollination/fertilization and subsequent transport of IAA from the ovary to the rachilla-pedicel. Partial or complete removal of the rachilla and/or pedicel prior to spikelet culture greatly inhibited fruit development. These results indicated that the rachilla and pedicel are essential for rice fruit development. AUX/IAA and ARF genes that might be involved in rice fruit development were identified through transcriptome analysis.

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“…Concurrent occurrence of hormones in two types of flowers/fruits indicates that abnormal development of 'shees' fruit may be due to the difference in the level of hormones or their ratio rather than due to absence or addition of some compounds. Higher than normal levels of IAA and GA 3 have been noted in many natural parthenocarpic fruits as well (George et al, 1984;Talon et al, 1990b;1992). It has also been demonstrated that parthenocarpic fruit development can be induced by exogenous application of GA 3 and IAA (Schwabe and Mills, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Basis of ‘Shees’ Fruit Abnormality in Tissue Culture Derived Plants of Date Palm

Hadi¹,

Al-Khalifah²,

Moslem³

2015

IJAB

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To cite this paper: S. Hadi, N.S. Abstract'Shees' fruit abnormality manifested as cluster of small fruit-like structures on a single peduncle occurs at a high frequency in tissue culture derived plants of date palm. The abnormality is akin to parthenocarpy, which is known to be caused by altered hormone profile of flowers/fruits in many species. This study was conducted to elucidate the hormonal profile of date palm flowers and early fruits and to identify the hormones associated with 'shees' fruit formation. Hormone levels in young flowers/fruits of normal and 'shees'-bearing plants of cultivars 'Barhy' and 'Nabtet-Saif' were studied with HPLC at the time of pollination and subsequently after 10 and 20 days. In all these samples, out of seven hormones detected by HPLC, levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gebberellic acid (GA 3 ) were significantly higher, while that of a 'kinetin-like' compound and an unknown compound were significantly lower in 'shees' flowers/fruits as compared to the normal counterparts. Other three unknown compounds did not show significant variations between normal and 'shees' fruits. Kinetin-like compound showed the same elution properties as kinetin standard during HPLC procedures. The compound was purified and an attempt was made to characterize the molecule with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). On the basis of Wiley-229 library hit (entry 101383) the compound was identified as Benzeldehyde, 2-hydroxy-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene] hydrazone with formula: C 14 H 12 N 2 O 2 and Mol weight: 240. We have tentatively designated the compound as BHH and are reporting the occurrence of this compound for the first time in date palm.

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Parthenocarpy in Tomato

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes

Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes

Rice fruit development is associated with an increased IAA content in pollinated ovaries

Hormonal Basis of ‘Shees’ Fruit Abnormality in Tissue Culture Derived Plants of Date Palm

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