Hormonal Basis of ‘Shees’ Fruit Abnormality in Tissue Culture Derived Plants of Date Palm

Abstract

To cite this paper: S. Hadi, N.S. Abstract'Shees' fruit abnormality manifested as cluster of small fruit-like structures on a single peduncle occurs at a high frequency in tissue culture derived plants of date palm. The abnormality is akin to parthenocarpy, which is known to be caused by altered hormone profile of flowers/fruits in many species. This study was conducted to elucidate the hormonal profile of date palm flowers and early fruits and to identify the hormones associated with 'shees' fruit formation. Hormone levels in young flowers/fruits of normal and 'shees'-bearing plants of cultivars 'Barhy' and 'Nabtet-Saif' were studied with HPLC at the time of pollination and subsequently after 10 and 20 days. In all these samples, out of seven hormones detected by HPLC, levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gebberellic acid (GA 3 ) were significantly higher, while that of a 'kinetin-like' compound and an unknown compound were significantly lower in 'shees' flowers/fruits as compared to the normal counterparts. Other three unknown compounds did not show significant variations between normal and 'shees' fruits. Kinetin-like compound showed the same elution properties as kinetin standard during HPLC procedures. The compound was purified and an attempt was made to characterize the molecule with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). On the basis of Wiley-229 library hit (entry 101383) the compound was identified as Benzeldehyde, 2-hydroxy-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene] hydrazone with formula: C 14 H 12 N 2 O 2 and Mol weight: 240. We have tentatively designated the compound as BHH and are reporting the occurrence of this compound for the first time in date palm.

Effects of Gibberellin and Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor (Paclobutrazol) Applications on Radish (Raphanus sativus) Taproot Expansion and the Presence of Authentic Hormones

“…The hormone interactions have several mechanisms, which act at both levels of hormone response and biosynthesis in creating a delicate response network (Weiss and Ori, 2007;Hadi et al, 2015). The impact of gibberellins, auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroids were considered as essential for plant growth and development process (De Bruyne et al, 2014;Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011).…”

Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…Considering these interactions, they might be the reason for a higher rate of fruit abnormality in 6-year-old TC plants (Table 3). Hadi et al [50] found that following pollination, parthenocarpic date palm fruits had higher levels of IAA and GA 3 than normal fruits. However, the information on ABA concentration is missing from their study.…”

“…In previous studies regarding fruit set in plants, different concentrations of IAA, GA 3 , and ABA were observed during the first stages of fruit growth and development (flowering, pollination, pollen tube growth, fertilization, etc.) [42,[48][49][50]. IAA and GA 3 interaction normally promote fruit growth and development, while the ABA role is more dominant during fruit ripening and senescence [45].…”

“…Many scientists have been interested in the abnormal fruit development of tissue culture-derived date palms, particularly the cultivar Barhee, in recent years [49,50]. Attaha and al-Saadi [60], in their anatomical and hormonal studies in date palm fruit set, revealed many structural deformities in the flower parts in abnormal fruits.…”

Growth and Yield of Three Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) Cultivars as Affected by Tonic and Mass Plant Growth Stimulators

“…In the plants hormone interactions have several mechanisms, which act at both levels of hormone response and biosynthesis in creating a delicate response network (Weiss and Ori, 2007;Hadi et al, 2015). The impact of gibberellins, auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroids were considered as essential for plant growth and development process (Deputy andHardtke, 2011 andDe Bruyne et al, 2014).…”