“…Specifically, inconsistent discipline can be defined as threatening children with punishment but not actually carrying through on the threat. Thus, mothers who discipline inconsistently do not provide appropriate learning opportunities for their preschool children (Leyendeckera, Jäkel, Kademoğlu, & Yagmurlu, 2011;Scott et al, 2011). Likewise, studies conducted with school-age children indicate that maternal inconsistent discipline was associated with higher levels of internalizing, externalizing, and social problems in these children (e.g., Fletcher, Walls, Cook, Madison, & Bridges, 2008).…”