Parent Reinforcement for Child Achievement: The Use of a Lottery to Maximize Parent Training Effects

The pyramidal training model was extended to multiple family members of children with behavior disorders. Three primary caregivers were taught to implement individualized treatments for problem behavior. They were then taught how to use various instructional strategies (e.g., prompting, feedback) to teach 2 other family members to implement the treatment. Results showed that pyramidal training was effective in increasing caregiver implementation of treatments across three families.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramidal Training for Families of Children With Problem Behavior

Kuhn¹,

Lerman²,

Vorndran³

2003

“…Mean levels during baseline and maintenance phases are indicated by horizontal dashed lines (Bea-home and group training site data combined; Rae-home data only). (Muir & Milan, 1982;Peterson et al, 1983;Szykula et al, 1981), using desired items that are available to most service agencies (e.g., donated gift certificates, toys, and dothes), contingent on maintaining performance during follow-up, may be an effective maintenance strategy. It is also possible that maintenance may have been greater if more training sessions had been provided, as research in "overtraining" (Sutherland & Mackintosh, 1971) suggests broadened attention and learning when training is continued beyond mastery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent Education Project Ii. Increasing Stimulating Interactions of Develop Mentally Handicapped Mothers

Feldman

Towns

Betel

et al. 1986

Two studies are reported on the assessment and training of parent-child interactional skills in developmentally handicapped mothers. Study 1 compared the interactions of eight developmentally handicapped versus eight nonhandicapped mothers during play with their young (6-25 months) children. Results showed that the former group generally interacted much less with their children and that they were less likely to praise appropriate child behavior and imitate child vocalizations. Study 2 attempted to remediate these deficits, using a training package consisting of discussion, modeling, feedback, social reinforcement, and self-recording. Results showed, first, that the training did increase the targeted skills to well within the range found for the nonhandicapped mothers. Second, training effects generalized from the group instructional setting to the mothers' own homes. Third, newly acquired skills were generally maintained at or above levels found for the nonhandicapped mothers over a 5-to 10-month follow-up period. Finally, all seven children showed increases in vocalizations concomitant with parent training. The results suggest that developmentally handicapped mothers can be taught to provide more effective and stimulating interactions to their young children.

“…Each of the intervention components examined in this study has been shown to be effective across a variety of populations, settings, and target behaviors (e.g., Drabman & Spitalnik, 1973;King, Lange, & Errikson, 1982;Muir & Milan, 1982;Pinkston, Howe, & Blackman, 1986-1987Schilling & Cuvo, 1983). Contrary to previous findings, the lottery and serving as a confederate role model had no effect on the healthy choices of the 3 participants, perhaps because of the initial impact of enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Dietary Practices of Elderly Individuals: The Power of Prompting, Feedback, and Social Reinforcement

Stock

Milan

1993

Three intervention packages consisting of (a) enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement; (b) a lottery; and (c) serving as a confederate were added and removed in sequence as adjacent conditions in an extended withdrawal design to assess their effects on the dietary choices of elderly persons. Participants were 3 elderly residents of an independent living facility who were identified as making consistently poor dietary choices and who had medical conditions that necessitated changes in their eating habits. All 3 participants demonstrated a marked increase in healthy choices of food items in response to the package of enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement. No additional increase occurred with the introduction of the lottery and serving as a confederate. Food-choice data indicated that most of these improvements could be attributed to healthier entree and dessert choices. Group data for all residents suggested small improvements in dietary practices during the three intervention conditions, with the largest proportion of the group's healthy choices occurring when the lottery was added to enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement. Food-choice data indicated that most of these improvements could be attributed to healthier dessert choices alone.