Parasympathetic Nervous System Dysfunction, as Identified by Pupil Light Reflex, and Its Possible Connection to Hearing Impairment

Wang, Yan; Zekveld, Adriana A.; Naylor, Graham; Ohlenforst, Barbara; Jansma, Elise P.; Lorens, Artur; Lunner, Thomas; Kramer, Sophia E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153566

Cited by 72 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…This is also consistent with a key role for ACh in supporting attentive listening by suppressing distractorsa main feature of the present task (Berry et al, 2014;Demeter and Sarter, 2013;Himmelheber et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2017;Sarter et al, 2006). Future work with more sensitive techniques in animal models or pharmacological manipulations in humans (see also Steinhauer et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2016) is needed to tease apart the contribution of ACh and NE to attentive listening.…”

Section: Neuromodulator Effects On Sustained Attentionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pupillometry as an objective measure of sustained attention in young and older listeners

Zhao

Bury

Milne

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Acknowledgements: supported by funding from the BRC and the EC (Horizon2020 grant to MC). Initial pilot experiments were performed by Youna Cho. We are grateful to Mathilde Le Gal de Kerangal for helping recruit and screen the older listeners in Experiment 2. Data Availability Statement: Upon manuscript acceptance, data will be deposited in a suitable online depository and freely available. AbstractThe ability to sustain attention on a task-relevant sound-source whilst avoiding distraction from other concurrent sounds is fundamental to listening in crowded environments.To isolate this aspect of hearing we designed a paradigm that continuously measured behavioural and pupillometry responses during 25-second-long trials in young (18-35 yo) and older (63-79 yo) participants. The auditory stimuli consisted of a number (1, 2 or 3) of concurrent, spectrally distinct tone streams. On each trial, participants detected brief silent gaps in one of the streams whilst resisting distraction from the others. Behavioural performance demonstrated increasing difficulty with time-on-task and with number/proximity of distractor streams. In young listeners (N=20), pupillometry revealed that pupil diameter (on the group and individual level) was dynamically modulated by instantaneous task difficulty such that periods where behavioural performance revealed a strain on sustained attention, were also accompanied by increased pupil diameter. Only trials on which participants performed successfully were included in the pupillometry analysis. Therefore, the observed effects reflect consequences of task demands as opposed to failure to attend.In line with existing reports, we observed global changes to pupil dynamics in the older group, including decreased pupil diameter, a limited dilation range, and reduced temporal variability. However, despite these changes, the older group showed similar effects of attentive tracking to those observed in the younger listeners. Overall, our results demonstrate that pupillometry can be a reliable and time-sensitive measure of the effort associated with attentive tracking over long durations in both young and (with some caveats) older listeners.

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Section: Neuromodulator Effects On Sustained Attentionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pupillometry as an objective measure of sustained attention in young and older listeners

Zhao

Bury

Milne

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…While considerable experimental evidence linking locus coeruleus activity and pupil size has been reported (de Gee et al, ; Joshi et al, ; Murphy, O'Connell, O'Sullivan, Robertson, & Balsters, ; Rajkowski, Kubiak, & Aston‐Jones, ; Reimer et al, ; Varazzani et al, ), however, it is also possible that the cholinergic system exerts control over pupil size in visuo‐motor tasks (McGinley et al, ; Naber, Frässle, et al, ; Naber et al, ; Nelson & Mooney, ; Nieuwenhuis, de Geus, & Aston‐Jones, ; Reimer et al, ; Vinck et al, ). Changes in pupil size in response to task difficulty or explorative behavior in visual and auditory paradigms have previously been attributed to processes in the cholinergic, parasympathetic pathway including the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus rather than the adrenergic, sympathetic pathway (Steinhauer, Siegle, Condray, & Pless, ; Wang et al, ). Importantly, we also recently demonstrated that administration of choline supplementation, which likely boosts systemic cholinergic availability, both decreases resting pupil size and changes behavior toward a greater emphasis on accuracy rather than speed on precisely the same motor aiming task used presently (Naber et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupillometric investigation into the speed‐accuracy trade‐off in a visuo‐motor aiming task

Naber

Murphy

2019

Psychophysiology

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Convergent lines of evidence suggest that fluctuations in the size of the pupil may be associated with the trade‐off between the speed (adrenergic, sympathetic) and accuracy (cholinergic, parasympathetic) of behavior across a variety of task contexts. Here, we explored whether pupil size was related to this trade‐off during a visuospatial motor aiming task. Participants were shown visual targets at random locations on a screen and were instructed and incentivized to move a computer mouse‐controlled cursor to the center of the targets, either as fast as possible, as accurately as possible, or to strike a balance between the two. Behavioral results showed that these instructions led to typical speed‐accuracy trade‐off effects on movement reaction times and hit distances to target centers. Pupillometric analyses revealed that movements were faster and less accurate when participants had relatively large baseline pupil sizes, as measured before target onset. Furthermore, trial‐evoked pupil dilation was related specifically to a bias toward speed in the trade‐off and the speed of the ballistic and error‐correction phases of the motor responses such that larger pupils predicted shorter latencies and higher movement speeds. Pupil responses were also associated with performance in a manner that may reflect the combined influence of a number of factors, including the generation of dynamic urgency and an arousal response to negative feedback. Our results generally support a role for pupil‐linked arousal in regulating the trade‐off between speed and accuracy, while also highlighting how the trial‐related pupil response can exhibit multifaceted, temporally discrete associations with behavior.

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“…Significant associations between compounds grouped by principal component analysis and obese asthma, current respiratory symptoms, obesity and body composition were also observed, even for low levels of EDCs exposure. Furthermore, our results showed that exposure to individual or combined EDCs is associated with changes in the ANS, specifically parasympathetic dysautonomia assessed through pupillometry, thus suggesting that EDCs may increase parasympathetic activity, resulting in a subsequent increase in the risk of asthma and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Exposure to indoor endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity

Paciência

Rufo

Silva

et al. 2019

Allergy

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Background: Indoor air contaminants may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, to what extent these contaminants affect health is poorly known.We aimed to assess the association between EDCs exposure and asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity in schoolchildren.Methods: Data from a cross-sectional analysis of 815 participants from 20 schools in Porto, Portugal, were analysed. Symptoms were assessed, asthma was defined on lung function, and airway reversibility and body mass index (BMI) were calculated.The concentrations of 13 volatile organic compounds and 2 aldehydes identified as EDCs were measured in 71 classrooms throughout 1 week. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of co-exposure. Associations were estimated by regression coefficients using linear and logistic regression models.Results: Increased individual and combined EDCs levels were found in classrooms having more children with asthma and obesity. Higher levels of hexane, styrene, cyclohexanone, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2-butoxyethanol were associated with obesity, and higher levels of cyclohexanone were associated with increased child BMI. Toluene, oxylene, m/p-xylene and ethylbenzene were significantly associated with nasal obstruction.A positive association was found between PC1 and the risk of obese asthma (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 1.98) and between PC2 and overweight (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28, 1.79).PC1 and PC2 were also associated with nasal obstruction, and PC2 was associated with breathing difficulties and lean body mass, although EDCs concentrations were low. Conclusions:Our findings further support the role of EDCs in asthma and obesity development. Moreover, even low levels of indoor exposure may influence the risk of asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System Dysfunction, as Identified by Pupil Light Reflex, and Its Possible Connection to Hearing Impairment

Cited by 72 publications

References 89 publications

Pupillometry as an objective measure of sustained attention in young and older listeners

Pupillometry as an objective measure of sustained attention in young and older listeners

Pupillometric investigation into the speed‐accuracy trade‐off in a visuo‐motor aiming task

Exposure to indoor endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity

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