Parasites Identification and Histopathology Changes on Blood Cookle (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

Blood cockle Anadara granosa is a popular sea food in Indonesia and potential for aquaculture. Currently, blood cockle aquaculture is at early stage, done by taking the larva from wild and raised them in the pond. Wild animal naturally carries parasites without outward clinical signs but can cause disease problem under aquaculture condition. This study aimed to identify parasites and histopathology changes in wild A. granosa. Blood cockles (n=90) were randomly collected during 3 months at three stations in the coastal waters of Bedono (Station 1: the intertidal area of the edge near to the mangrove area, station 2: the center of intertidal area, station 3: the area near to the sea), a village located on North Java coast and supplied blood cockle larva to the area. Parasites examination was conducted in the laboratory by macroscopic (observation of clinical symptoms) for ectoparasites and microscopic (using a microscope) for endoparasites. Histopathology preparation was done by taking three cockles at each station and cutting tissue that includes gills, foot, gonads, digestive tract and mantle. Organs were fixed in a 10% NBF solution, processed, mounted in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Parasites found were identified and the level of intensity and prevalence were calculated. There were three species of parasites found: Pinnotheres sp. (Intensity 1 ind/cockle; Prevalence: 3.33%), Perkinsus sp. (Intensity: 9.3 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 37.03%), Nematopsis sp. (Intensity: 4.25 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 29.62%). There were no histopathology changes on infected tissues which may relate to low diversity, prevalence and intensity of parasites found in this study.

Study of the Impact of the Parasitic Microalgae Coccomyxa parasitica on the Health of Bivalve Modiolus kurilensis

“…were found in the gill plates of weakly infected M. arenaria, whereas in heavily infected individuals, an increase in the number and size of hemocyte-encapsulated granulocytoma cysts was also observed in the gills, interstitial space between the tubules of the DG, gonads, and nephridia, which often contained free and encapsulated Perkinsus cells [53]. Additionally, the development of Perkinsus infection was usually accompanied by blanching of the mantle [54,55], while with Haplosporidium invasion, the mantle became thin, watery, and brownish color [50].…”

ENDOPARASITES INFECTION IN BLOOD COCKLE (Anadara granosa) IN ACEH BESAR WATERS, INDONESIA

“…A similar finding was observed in waters surrounding Jakarta and Central Java that also reported that the dominant parasitic infection in blood cockles there was Perkinsus sp. (Choi and Park, 2010;Karnisa et al, 2019). However different results were found in blood cockles infected with endoparasites in the Malacca Strait.…”

“…Clinical symptoms found in blood cockles infected with common parasites showed signs such as gills that were drizzled and the color of the gills looked pale while those in uninfected blood cockles had bright gill characteristics (Nainggolan, 2016). According to (Karnisa et al, 2019) the clinical symptoms of Perkinsus sp. infection in blood cockles are an imperfectly shaped shell and the presence of excessive mucus.…”

“…Currently, research on parasites in blood cockles is still very limited. However, parasitic infections in blood cockles in Central Java and the Malacca Strait have been reported (Uddin et al, 2011;Karnisa et al, 2019). Parasitic infection studies in other mollusks have also been reported such as the green-lipped mussel (Trottier et al, 2012;Trottier and Jeffs, 2015), and oysters (Moss et al, 2008;Arzul et al, 2011;Ben-Horin et al, 2018).…”