Parasite Lactate Dehydrogenase as an Assay for Plasmodium falciparum Drug Sensitivity

Makler, Michael T.; Ries, Judith; Williams, Jeffery A.; Bancroft, J. E.; Piper, Robert C.; Gibbins, Bruce L.; Hinrichs, David J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.739

Cited by 688 publications

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“…18 Quantitative assessment of antiplasmodial activity in vitro was determined via the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay using a modified method described by Makler. 19 The two extracts were dissolved and diluted to give a 2 mg/mL stock solution in 10% DMSO and sonicated to enhance solubility. Samples were tested as a suspension if not completely dissolved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cembranolides from the Leaves of Croton gratissimus

et al. 2011

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20,10-olide (4a), have been isolated from the leaves of Croton gratissimus. The acetyl derivatives of 8 and 4a were evaluated against a chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10).Croton gratissimus Burch. (C. zambesicus Mull. Arg.; C. microbotryus Pax.) (Euphorbiaceae) grows on stony hillsides as a semideciduous tree species throughout much of the warmer and drier regions from South Africa, northeastwards, to the horn of Africa. The leaves of this plant are ground with goat fat and those of two other Croton species, the resulting paste is heated on coals, and the fumes are inhaled as a cure for insomnia. 1 A tea made from the leaves is taken for coughs in Botswana. 2 Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 3 documented C. gratissimus as a remedy for fever, for treating bleeding gums and eye disorders, and as an ingredient used to "smoke" rheumatic patients. In South Africa, the leaves are dried and smoked for influenza, colds, and fevers. 4 The traditional use of this species for treating fevers, intermittent or otherwise, indicates its likely application as an antimalarial, since it is employed as such within the malaria endemic region of southern Africa. In Nigeria, bark infusions of the species (as C. zambesicus) are reported to treat malaria. 5 Accordingly, crude dichloromethane extracts of South African leaves of C. gratissimus have previously been investigated for antiplasmodial activity in vitro and shown to have an IC 50 value of 3.5 μg/mL; 6 the constituent(s) responsible were not identified. The stem bark of C. gratissimus has been reported to yield four cembranoids, namely, (+)-(1R*,2S*,7S*,8S*,12R*)-7,8-epoxy-2,12-cyclocembra-3E,10Z-dien-20,10-olide, (+)-(1R*,10R*)c e m b r a -2 E , 4 E , 7 E , 1 1 Z -t e t r a e n -2 0 , 1 0 -o l i d e , (+)-(1R*,4S*,10R*)-4-hydroxycembra-2E,7E,11Z-trien-20,10-olide (4a), and (−)-(1R*,4R*,10R*)-4-hydroxycembra-2E,7E,11Z-trien-20,10-olide, in addition to lupeol, 4(15)eudesmene-1β,6α-diol, and α-glutinol.7

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cembranolides from the Leaves of Croton gratissimus

et al. 2011

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“…Parasites were cultured in presence or absence of drugs for up to 72 h. Subsequently cells were harvested, washed and frozen at -20 °C until analysis. pLDH was detected and measured as described elsewhere (Makler et al 1993;Arnot et al 2008). Growth was calculated as follow: a = iRBC treated with drugs; b = iRBC treated with cycloheximide; c = non treated iRBC G = plasmodial growth.…”

Section: Antiplasmodial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new procyanidin B from Campylospermum zenkeri (Ochnaceae) and antiplasmodial activity of two derivatives of (±)-serotobenine

Nyemeck

Bikobo

Zintchem

et al. 2017

Natural Product Research

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Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Campylospermum zenkeri led to the isolation of five known compounds: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (1), serotobenine (2), agathisflavone (3), lophirone A (4) and lophirone F (5), together with a new derivative of procyanidin B, a catechin dimer named zenkerinol (6). Serotobenine (2) is structurally related to decursivine which shows moderate activity against D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. For a better understanding of structure-activity relationships, three new semisynthetic derivatives of serotobenine (2) have been prepared. These are: serotobenine monopropionate (2a), serotobenine monopivalate (2b) and serotobenine cyclohexyl ether (2c) respectively. Two of them (2a) and (2b), were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 strain in a parasite lactate-dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. Compound 2b was more active than compound 2a based on their IC 50 values (36.6 and 123 μM, respectively).

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“…This kit cannot discern between mixed infections and only P falciparum parasitemia, as both show as three lines, and once again microscopy provides the answer. Parasite level in peripheral blood has been shown to correlate with pLDH levels [7] and the kit may be used to identify resistant cases which cannot be done with Parachek kits as the Pfhrp-2 persists for 10 days or more [8,9]. In this study the sensitivity and specificity for detection of P vivax was 100% while for P falciparum the values were 96% and 100% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Immunochromatographic Methods in Malaria Diagnosis

Mishra

Misra

2007

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Background: Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) test in diagnosis of malaria. Methods: Blood slides of 400 patients who presented with fever including 104 patients with clinical features suggestive of malaria were studied. The results were compared with microscopy and another immunochromatography test (ICT) based on detection of histidine rich protein-2 antigen [Pfhrp-2] secreted by Plasmodium falciparum. Result: In this study the sensitivity and specificity for detection of Plasmodium vivax was 100% while for Plasmodium falciparum the values were 96% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: ICT is useful for diagnosis of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in field but microscopy of a well-prepared blood smear must not be omitted in a laboratory setting. MJAFI 2007; 63 : 127-129

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Parasite Lactate Dehydrogenase as an Assay for Plasmodium falciparum Drug Sensitivity

Cited by 688 publications

References 0 publications

Cembranolides from the Leaves of Croton gratissimus

Cembranolides from the Leaves of Croton gratissimus

A new procyanidin B from Campylospermum zenkeri (Ochnaceae) and antiplasmodial activity of two derivatives of (±)-serotobenine

Immunochromatographic Methods in Malaria Diagnosis

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