Paraphyly of the Subgenus Sintonius (Diptera, Psychodidae, Sergentomyia): Status of the Malagasy Species. Creation of a New Subgenus and Description of a New Species

Abstract

During an inventory of Phlebotomine sand flies carried out in Madagascar, we have identified some specimens showing morphological characters related to the subgenus Sintonius of the genus Sergentomyia. We started a molecular study based on cytochrome b mtDNA and on D1–D2 and D8 domains of the rDNA. The sampling includes all the Sergentomyia species available and also S. (Sergentomyia) schwetzi, S. (Parrotomyia) magna, and the following species belonging to the subgenus Sintonius: S. clydei, S. christophersi, S. affinis vorax, S. adleri and S. meilloni. The Sintonius subgenus (sensu Theodor) is paraphyletic. The Malagasy specimens morphologically Sintonius-like are never clustered with the continental Sintonius. We propose a new subgenus to include them: Trouilletomyia subg. nov. Due to the lack of mesanepisternal setae, the species huberti is removed from the genus Phlebotomus and we propose here a new combination: Sergentomyia huberti comb. nov. The male of S. huberti is pinpointed and described for the first time. Lastly, a new species for Science is described on one female: Sergentomyia (Trouilletomyia) boironis n. sp.

Paraphyly of the subgenus Anaphlebotomus and creation of Madaphlebotomus subg. nov. (Phlebotominae: Phlebotomus)

“…If we exclude Sergentomyia huberti (Randrianambinintsoa et al, 2014), the first Phlebotomus species to be recorded in Madagascar was Ph. berentiensis (Léger & Rodhain, 1978).…”

“…Another species, Phlebotomus huberti Depaquit, Léger & Robert, has recently been reclassified by Randrianambinintsoa et al . () in the genus Sergentomyia . It appears that the spermathecae of all Malagasy species of the genus Phlebotomus show a very original architecture (Depaquit et al ., ; Randrianambinintsoa et al ., ), and the males have a style bearing four spines without any tubercle on the coxite (Depaquit et al ., , , ; Randrianambinintsoa et al ., ).…”

“…The latter country was connected to Africa in the Jurassic period and to Asia in the Cretaceous period, each of which provides two generalized tracks for the settlement of Madagascar (Rage, 1996). We selected three molecular markers, including cytochrome b (cyt b), a gene of mitochondrial maternal inheritance, which has been used previously in phylogenetic studies and DNA barcoding, as well as in intraspecific studies of Old World sandflies (Esseghir et al, 1997;Aransay et al, 2003;Parvizi et al, 2003Parvizi et al, , 2009Pesson et al, 2004;Yahia et al, 2004;Depaquit et al, 2005;Perrotey et al, 2005;Hamarsheh et al, 2007Hamarsheh et al, , 2009Moin-Vaziri et al, 2007a, 2007bMuller et al, 2007;Franco et al, 2010;Belen et al, 2011;Dvorak et al, 2011;Krüger et al, 2011;Mahamdallie et al, 2011), and two ribosomal markers, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), which is known to have a fast mutation rhythm (Depaquit et al, , 2002b(Depaquit et al, , 2008, and the D8 domain, which is more conserved (Randrianambinintsoa et al, 2014).…”

Description of Sergentomyia phadangensis n. sp. (Diptera, Psychodidae) of Thailand

“…Drawings were made using a camera lucida . Morphological terminology is that commonly used for Old World sandflies [ 4 , 5 , 8 , 10 – 13 ] and we add the corresponding nomenclature proposed for Diptera [ 14 ]. Abbreviations of generic names follow [ 15 ].…”

A molecular study of the genus Spelaeomyia (Diptera: Phlebotominae) with description of the male of Spelaeomyia moucheti

“…The D1 and D2 fragments of the 28S rDNA were amplified using the primer couple C1′: 5′-ACC CGC TGA ATT TAA GCA T-3′ and D2: 5′-TCC GTG TTT CAA GAC GGG-3′ following the thermal profile: 30 cycles with 1 min 94 °C, 1 min 58 °C, 1 min 68 °C using the primers [ 11 ]. The D8 domain of the 28S rDNA was amplified using the primers C7′ (5′-GTG CAG ATC TTG GTG GTA GT-3′) and D8E (5′-GCT TTG TTT TAA TTA AAC AGT-3′) following the thermal profile: 40 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, annealing at 48 °C for 40 s and extension at 68 °C for 90 s [ 12 ].…”