Paraneoplastic syndromes review: The great forgotten ones

González, Cristina Sardiña; Vivero, Clara Martínez; Castro, José López

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103676

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Skin manifestations suggestive of a malignancy are extremely useful in mak finitive early diagnosis. The knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes is essential Most patients with LTS have adenocarcinomas, most commonly of the stomach [35,55], colon, or rectum [36][37][38][39][40][41][42], or, less commonly, carcinomas of the esophagus [22], duodenum [43], pancreas [44], gallbladder [4], or hepatocellular carcinoma [60][61][62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharyngeal-Esophageal Malignancies with Dermatologic Paraneoplastic Syndrome

Fulga

Ene²,

Bezman

et al. 2022

Life

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Systemic changes often send signals to the skin, and certain neoplastic diseases of the internal organs can also trigger skin manifestations. In this article, the authors make clinical photography presentations of the patients seen at our clinic with dermatologic paraneoplastic syndromes within pharyngeal–esophageal malignancies, describe several paraneoplastic dermatoses, and also review high-quality scientific literature in order to be able to highlight the dermatological signs of pharyngoesophageal malignant tumors. The majority of our patients with paraneoplastic dermatoses, filtering for pharyngoesophageal malignancies, had esophageal neoplasms, out of whom seven were female and two were male, making esophageal cancer more common within the paraneoplastic dermatoses within pharyngoesophageal malignancies. An early recognition of paraneoplastic dermatoses can diagnose neoplasms and sequentially contribute to a better prognosis for the patient. This matter is also useful for front-line medical personnel in order to improve early diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, curative interventions with prompt therapy administration and good prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharyngeal-Esophageal Malignancies with Dermatologic Paraneoplastic Syndrome

Fulga

Ene²,

Bezman

et al. 2022

Life

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“…Approximately 8% of cancer patients present one or more paraneoplastic syndromes. Paraneoplastic syndromes are classified as neurologic, rheumatologic, dermatologic, or hematologic, depending on the type of tumor ( 264 , 265 ). The manifestation of paraneoplastic syndromes has detrimental effects on patient’s quality of life and outcome.…”

Section: Paraneoplastic Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemic-level repercussions of cancer-associated inflammation mediators produced in the tumor microenvironment

et al. 2022

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The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic, complex, and redundant network of interactions between tumor, immune, and stromal cells. In this intricate environment, cells communicate through membrane–membrane, ligand–receptor, exosome, soluble factors, and transporter interactions that govern cell fate. These interactions activate the diverse and superfluous signaling pathways involved in tumor promotion and progression and induce subtle changes in the functional activity of infiltrating immune cells.The immune response participates as a selective pressure in tumor development. In the early stages of tumor development, the immune response exerts anti-tumor activity, whereas during the advanced stages, the tumor establishes mechanisms to evade the immune response, eliciting a chronic inflammation process that shows a pro-tumor effect.The deregulated inflammatory state, in addition to acting locally, also triggers systemic inflammation that has repercussions in various organs and tissues that are distant from the tumor site, causing the emergence of various symptoms designated as paraneoplastic syndromes, which compromise the response to treatment, quality of life, and survival of cancer patients. Considering the tumor–host relationship as an integral and dynamic biological system, the chronic inflammation generated by the tumor is a communication mechanism among tissues and organs that is primarily orchestrated through different signals, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and exosomes, to provide the tumor with energetic components that allow it to continue proliferating. In this review, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the involvement of cancer-related inflammation at the local and systemic level throughout tumor development and the emergence of some paraneoplastic syndromes and their main clinical manifestations. In addition, the involvement of these signals throughout tumor development will be discussed based on the physiological/biological activities of innate and adaptive immune cells. These cellular interactions require a metabolic reprogramming program for the full activation of the various cells; thus, these requirements and the by-products released into the microenvironment will be considered. In addition, the systemic impact of cancer-related proinflammatory cytokines on the liver—as a critical organ that produces the leading inflammatory markers described to date—will be summarized. Finally, the contribution of cancer-related inflammation to the development of two paraneoplastic syndromes, myelopoiesis and cachexia, will be discussed.

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“…Early detection is important to improve prognosis. Besides typical symptoms linked to each tumor, it is important to identify other ways in which cancer can present, including immune-mediated processes prompted by cancer, namely, paraneoplastic syndromes [2,3]. Dermatomyositis (DM) presents with dermatologic alterations, and in 80% of the cases (classic DM), proximal and symmetric muscle weakness is present, whereas 20% have no muscle complaints (clinically amyopathic DM) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-TIF1γ-Dermatomyositis and Sjögren's Syndrome as Rectal Cancer Inaugural Presentation

Oliveira Santos,

Santos,

Sacramento

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy often paraneoplastic in nature. Patients have characteristic cutaneous findings and possible muscle involvement. In the latter, muscle enzymes are elevated, and the electromyogram shows varied changes. Muscle or skin biopsy and myositis-specific antibodies confirm the diagnosis. Here, we report the case of an 86-year-old woman with cutaneous lesions, proximal weakness, and sicca symptoms. Muscle enzymes and electromyogram were normal. Antinuclear antibodies were elevated, and anti-TIF1γ and anti-Ro52 antibodies were positive. Muscle biopsy was compatible with the diagnosis of DM, and salivary gland biopsy confirmed Sjögren's syndrome. Malignancy investigation identified a rectal cancer, which was resected. This case illustrates a rare form of cancer presentation -anti-TIF1γ DM with normal muscle enzymes and electromyogram and concomitant secondary Sjögren's syndrome. Malignancy screening and multidisciplinary management were crucial to a successful approach.

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Paraneoplastic syndromes review: The great forgotten ones

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Pharyngeal-Esophageal Malignancies with Dermatologic Paraneoplastic Syndrome

Pharyngeal-Esophageal Malignancies with Dermatologic Paraneoplastic Syndrome

The systemic-level repercussions of cancer-associated inflammation mediators produced in the tumor microenvironment

Anti-TIF1γ-Dermatomyositis and Sjögren's Syndrome as Rectal Cancer Inaugural Presentation

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