Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg 1832) and Atelerix algirus (Lereboullet 1842) hedgehogs: Possible reservoirs of endemic leishmaniases in Tunisia

Souguir-Omrani, Hejer; Chemkhi, Jomaa; Mili, Ali; Aoun, Yusr Saadi Ben; Ali, Insaf Bel Hadj; Guizani, Ikram; Guerbouj, Souheila

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.05.029

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Each DNA sample was subjected to five protocols of PCR to detect the parasite: Two protocols targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) [ 28 , 29 ], one protocol targeting the ITS region [ 30 ], a nested PCR targeting the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (LnPCR SSU) [ 31 , 32 ], and a protocol amplifying a Repeat region of the parasite [ 33 ]. In all cases, the reaction was carried out in 25 µL, employing 12.5 µL of the HotStart Supreme NZY Taq II (NZY Tech, Lisbon, Portugal) and 1 µL of each primer at 10 µM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Species as Hosts of Zoonotic Infections: The Case of American Mink (Neovison vison) and Leishmania infantum

et al. 2021

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Leishmania infantum produces an endemic disease in the Mediterranean Basin that affects humans and domestic and wild mammals, which can act as reservoir or minor host. In this study, we analyzed the presence of the parasite in wild American minks, an invasive species in Spain. We screened for L. infantum DNA by PCR using five primer pairs: Two targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), and the rest targeting the ITS1 region, the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU) and a repetitive sequence (Repeat region). The detection limit was determined for each method using a strain of L. infantum and a bone marrow sample from an infected dog. PCR approaches employing the Repeat region and kDNA (RV1/RV2 primers) showed higher sensitivity than the other PCR methods when control samples were employed. However, only PCR of the Repeat region and nested PCR of SSU (LnSSU) detected the parasite in the samples, while the other three were unable to do so. The majority of the analyzed animals (90.1%) tested positive. American mink may act as an incidental host of the disease for other mammals and should be further investigated, not only for their negative impact on the local fauna, but also as carriers of zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Species as Hosts of Zoonotic Infections: The Case of American Mink (Neovison vison) and Leishmania infantum

et al. 2021

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“…Only one study in Europe demonstrated the presence of L. infantum in spleen, hair and blood of 51.9% common urban bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in Spain, using PCR and sequencing of the repeat region [149]. One hundred percent of Algerian hedgehogs were found infected in two studies in Tunisia [150,151]. The authors employed smears, PCR and RFLP and sequencing of several targets.…”

Section: Infantum In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DNA of the parasite was found in several organs and tissues in three species of hedgehogs in Algeria, Iran and Tunisia including spleen, skin, heart, kidney, liver, blood and eye swab. A hundred percent prevalence was reported in two studies carried out on the Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) in Tunisia [150,151], while 36.8% was reported in Algeria by serology and PCR-RFLP of the kDNA region employing the spleen and skin [173] (Supplementary Materials File S5). Two studies, including the long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus), reported prevalence rates ranging from 33%, using nPCR of the ITS and smears of the skin [173], to 53.3%, employing nPCR of the kDNA from the skin and smears from skin, liver and spleen [174].…”

Section: Infantum In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The desert hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus) was found to be infected with L. major in two studies. The first study employed qPCR of the kDNA region from spleen and skin as well as serology [175], and the other reported the infection in the kidney, blood, liver, eye swab and lymph node of one animal by qPCR of the kDNA, SSU and repeat regions [151]. The high values of infection found in these animals suggest their role as reservoirs, and these animals should be monitored in endemic areas.…”

Section: Infantum In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review (1990–2021) of Wild Animals Infected with Zoonotic Leishmania

2021

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Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases caused by several species of Leishmania that affect humans and many domestic and wild animals with a worldwide distribution. The objectives of this review are to identify wild animals naturally infected with zoonotic Leishmania species as well as the organs infected, methods employed for detection and percentage of infection. A literature search starting from 1990 was performed following the PRISMA methodology and 161 reports were included. One hundred and eighty-nine species from ten orders (i.e., Carnivora, Chiroptera, Cingulata, Didelphimorphia, Diprotodontia, Lagomorpha, Eulipotyphla, Pilosa, Primates and Rodentia) were reported to be infected, and a few animals were classified only at the genus level. An exhaustive list of species; diagnostic techniques, including PCR targets; infected organs; number of animals explored and percentage of positives are presented. L. infantum infection was described in 98 wild species and L. (Viania) spp. in 52 wild animals, while L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, L. major and L. tropica were described in fewer than 32 animals each. During the last decade, intense research revealed new hosts within Chiroptera and Lagomorpha. Carnivores and rodents were the most relevant hosts for L. infantum and L. (Viannia) spp., with some species showing lesions, although in most of the studies clinical signs were not reported.

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“…papatasi as vector. Psammomys obesus, Meriones shawi, and Meriones libycus are the described reservoirs for this parasite, while Mustela nivalis, Paraechinus aethiopicus, and Atelerix algirus are potential reservoirs [4][5][6][7]. Leishmania killicki, the agent of the chronic CL in Tunisia, shows also a zoonotic life cycle with Ph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and identification of Leishmania DNA and blood meal analysis in Phlebotomus (Larroussius) species

et al. 2020

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Background Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perniciosus and Canis familiaris are respectively the only confirmed vector and reservoir for the transmission of Leishmania (L.) infantum MON-1 in Tunisia. However, the vector and reservoir hosts of the two other zymodemes, MON-24 and MON-80, are still unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the L. infantum life cycle in a Tunisian leishmaniasis focus. For this purpose, we have focused on: i) the detection, quantification and identification of Leishmania among this sand fly population, and ii) the analysis of the blood meal preferences of Larroussius (Lar.) subgenus sand flies to identify the potential reservoirs.

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Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg 1832) and Atelerix algirus (Lereboullet 1842) hedgehogs: Possible reservoirs of endemic leishmaniases in Tunisia

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Invasive Species as Hosts of Zoonotic Infections: The Case of American Mink (Neovison vison) and Leishmania infantum

Invasive Species as Hosts of Zoonotic Infections: The Case of American Mink (Neovison vison) and Leishmania infantum

A Systematic Review (1990–2021) of Wild Animals Infected with Zoonotic Leishmania

Molecular detection and identification of Leishmania DNA and blood meal analysis in Phlebotomus (Larroussius) species

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