Papillomavirus Infection and Skin Cancer in Renal Allograft Recipients

Genetics of Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis

“…There is an indication of EV-like disease being a result of exogenous immunodeficiency in HIV infection and in the patients with immunodeficiency states(e.g. following renal transplantation, in systemic lupus erythematosus or Hodgkin's disease ) [21][22][23][24].This form has been named "acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis" [25].…”

Genomics of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas

“…Skin cancers are the most common malignancies that occur in transplant patients and their frequency increases with time after transplantation (Penn, 1993,Hematol Oncol Clin North Am). The normal SCC/BCC ratio as observed in normal population is reversed in transplant recipients, with an excess in SCC development (Ong et al, 1999, J Am Acad Dermatol, Barr et al, 1989, Lancet) Moreover, these tumours behave more aggressively with a higher risk of metastasis than in general population (Penn , 1991,Transplant Proc).…”

“…(Elbel et al, 1997,Virology) Instead, BAK protein, a member of the Bcl-2 family may be abrogated resulting in inhibition of apoptosis ( were found in 60% of BCC's from immunosuppressed patients in contrast to 36% of BCC's from non-immunosuppressed patients, suggesting that these viruses may be involved in the development of BCC (Shamanin et al, 1996, J Natl Cancer Inst). In renal transplant recipients with skin cancer, HPV 5 /8 DNA could be detected, (Barr et al, 1989, Lancet) and Weinstock et al (Weinstock et al, 1995, Arch Dermatol) suggested immunosuppression to be a factor in BCC carcinogenesis by affecting HPV infection.…”

Lymphoproliferative response to fusion proteins of human papillomaviruses in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

“…The rare disease of epidermodysplasia verruciformis, in which there is an underlying defect of cellmediated immunity (CMI) (5), is associated with widespread and persistent flat warts and plaque-like lesions which frequently progress to malignancy especially in sun-exposed areas (6). Similarly patients, immunosuppressed therapeutically after renal allograft transplantation, develop multiple persistent warts resistant to treatment, some of which may progress to skin carcinomas (6)(7)(8). An increase in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in renal allograft recipients and in patients immunosuppressed as a result of underlying malignancy (9, 10) has been recognized for some time, and in some cases at leasf these lesions have been shown to be HPV-associated (11).…”