Genomics of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Samarasinghe, Venura; Lear, John T.; Madan, Vishal

doi:10.5772/39284

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…These tumors tend to be more extensive than clinically expected, as demonstrated by our case in Figure 1 [8]. Diagnostic confirmation of BCC and its specific histological subtype requires a skin biopsy, including a shave, punch, or excisional biopsy, including dermal tissue, to distinguish between superficial and more invasive types [9]. Histologically, BCC biopsies reveal irregular thin nests and cords of basaloid cells, which sometimes display spiky, irregular projections intermingled with the skin's collagen fibers (Figure 7) [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Concurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading As Osteomyelitis of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Rare Presentation

Kisule,

Bai

2024

Cureus

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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ranks as the most common form of skin cancer in the United States, and its prevalence continues to increase. Regular self-examinations of the skin can significantly enhance treatment outcomes. This report investigates a rare instance of BCC initially misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis, stemming from a longstanding wound on the patient’s left shoulder. A 66-year-old male with a history of working in construction presented with a non-healing wound on his left shoulder, which he initially sustained from a metallic rod injury. Despite self-treatment, the wound deteriorated, revealing subcutaneous fat and producing foul-smelling drainage. Imaging suggested osteomyelitis, but the persistent and worsening nature of the wound over two years, previously concealed from his family and healthcare providers, prompted further investigation. A biopsy confirmed infiltrative BCC. The patient was referred to a tertiary care facility for comprehensive treatment, including long-term antibiotics for osteomyelitis and systemic therapy with vismodegib for BCC. Basal cell carcinoma commonly appears as a pink or flesh-colored papule or nodule, often with surface features that aid in early identification and treatment. Yet, infiltrative BCC, like the case described here, can pose diagnostic challenges because of its subtle yet aggressive characteristics. The complex causes of BCC highlight the necessity of preventive actions, particularly for those with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Treatment approaches primarily aim at removing the tumor and may incorporate targeted therapies for more advanced instances. This case underscores the importance of regular skin self-examinations and prompt medical attention for lingering wounds, particularly among those at higher risk. Successfully addressing BCC demands a comprehensive strategy involving surgery, targeted chemotherapy, and preventive actions against potential future skin malignancies. Maintaining long-term surveillance is crucial for individuals with prior BCC diagnoses to detect any potential recurrence and address any enduring consequences of treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Concurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading As Osteomyelitis of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Rare Presentation

Kisule,

Bai

2024

Cureus

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“…Nodular BCC was classified as a low-risk tumor according to the WHO classification. According to BCC risk stratification, BCC8 and BCC19 are associated with an intermediate prognosis, as they are characterized as nodular subtypes, with sizes> 2 cm, and are located in low-risk areas [ 39 ]. Based on the new BCC classification, tumors may be classified as “easy-to-treat” or “difficult-to-treat”, which classifications are associated with different clinical outcomes [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of ATM, NF-KB, PINK1 and Foxo3a in Radiation-Induced Basal Cell Carcinoma

Jenni

Chikhaoui

Nabouli

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Research in normal tissue radiobiology is in continuous progress to assess cellular response following ionizing radiation exposure especially linked to carcinogenesis risk. This was observed among patients with a history of radiotherapy of the scalp for ringworm who developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, the involved mechanisms remain largely undefined. We performed a gene expression analysis of tumor biopsies and blood of radiation-induced BCC and sporadic patients using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Differences across groups were assessed by statistical analysis. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using miRNet. We showed a significant overexpression of the FOXO3a, ATM, P65, TNF-α and PINK1 genes among radiation-induced BCCs compared to BCCs in sporadic patients. ATM expression level was correlated with FOXO3a. Based on receiver-operating characteristic curves, the differentially expressed genes could significantly discriminate between the two groups. Nevertheless, TNF-α and PINK1 blood expression showed no statistical differences between BCC groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the candidate genes may represent putative targets for microRNAs in the skin. Our findings may yield clues as to the molecular mechanism involved in radiation-induced BCC, suggesting that deregulation of ATM-NF-kB signaling and PINK1 gene expression may contribute to BCC radiation carcinogenesis and that the analyzed genes could represent candidate radiation biomarkers associated with radiation-induced BCC.

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“…UV radiation is both a carcinogen and DNA-damaging agent that has been demonstrated to promote tumor growth [ 9 ]. Specifically, UVA and UVB rays from the earth’s atmosphere can cause damage to keratinocyte DNA, and UVB tends to have a more significant carcinogenic effect than UVA [ 10 ]. UVA and UVB are hypothesized to induce oxidative stress, upregulate teratogenic proteins, and recruit inflammatory factors within epidermal cells to induce DNA damage and lead to uncontrolled replication [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Brief Classification Of Skin Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Skin Cancer by the Stimulator of Interferon Genes

Oscherwitz,

Jiminez,

Terhaar

et al. 2023

Genes

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Morbidity and mortality from skin cancer continue to rise domestically and globally, and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are a topic of interest in the dermatology and oncology communities. In this review, we summarize the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, its specific role in the pathogenesis of DNA damage and skin cancer, and STING-specific therapies that may fight both melanoma and non-melanoma skin (NMSC) cancers. Furthermore, we discuss specific portions of the STING pathway that may be used in addition to previously used therapies to provide a synergistic effect in future oncology treatments and discuss the limitations of current STING-based therapies.

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Genomics of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Cited by 4 publications

References 203 publications

Concurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading As Osteomyelitis of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Rare Presentation

Concurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading As Osteomyelitis of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Rare Presentation

Differential Expression of ATM, NF-KB, PINK1 and Foxo3a in Radiation-Induced Basal Cell Carcinoma

Modulation of Skin Cancer by the Stimulator of Interferon Genes

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