Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation

Abstract

Papaya leaf methanolic extract (PLE) at concentrations of 0 (CON), 5 (LLE), 10 (MLE) and 15 (HLE) mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) with 30 mL buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH). Total gas production was not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of PLE compared to the CON at 24 h of incubation. Methane (CH ) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PLE. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower (P <0.05) in MLE (2.02) and HLE (1.93) compared to the CON (2.28). Supplementation of the diet with PLE significantly (P <0.05) decreased the rate of BH of C18:1n-9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to CON after 24 h incubation, which resulted in higher concentrations of BH intermediates such as C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid; VA), c9t11 conjugated LA (CLA) (rumenic acid; RA) and t10c12 CLA. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the total bacteria, total protozoa, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and methanogen population in HLE decreased (P <0.05) compared to CON, but the total bacteria and B. fibrisolvens population were higher (P < 0.05) in CON compared to the PLE treatment groups.

The effect of medicinal herb on fat deposition, meat composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler meats

“…Reduction of meat oleic acid in broiler chickens fed diet containing either noni fruit or papaya leaf in the present study is in contrast with Kurniawan et al (2015) who reported that the inclusion of noni fruit at 3% did not reduce oleic acid of duck meats, and Jafari et al (2017) who reported that papaya leaf inclusion did not reduce oleic acid of rumen liquor. The present study, however, agrees with the observation of Kirubakaran et al (2011) who reported that basil leaf inclusion reduced oleic acid of layer yolk.…”

“…The present results showed similar results to the observation of Kirubakaran et al (2011) that the inclusion of basil leaf meal at 1 and 2 g/kg contributed significantly to elevating the yolk linolenic acid. Jafari et al (2017) reported that the inclusion of papaya leaf extract increased linolenic acid of the rumen liquor.…”

Manipulation of Rice Straw Silage Fermentation with Different Types of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant Affects Rumen Microbial Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production

“…The pH was determined from the filtrate solution using a pH electrode (Mettler-Toledo Ltd., Leicester, UK). The lactic acid and volatile fatty acids were determined using gas-liquid chromatography as described in our previous work, and the result was expressed as g/Kg DM of rice straw silage [21]. The total number of LAB in the silage was determined on MRS Rogosa agar, as described above, with the plate count method [14].…”

Dietary supplementation of papaya (Carica papaya l.) leaf affects abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and modulates biohydrogenation of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rumen of goats

“…In our previous study, the phenolic compounds were shown to be present in PL and PL methanolic extract (Jafari et al 2016a(Jafari et al , 2017. Furthermore, various levels of PL, PL methanolic extract and different solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) of PL inhibited ruminal BH of C18 PUFA and increased abundance of B. fibrisolvens at 24 h of incubation in an in vitro condition (Jafari et al 2016a(Jafari et al , 2016b(Jafari et al , 2017. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of PL on fatty acid composition, BH of C18 PUFA and abundance of B. fibrisolvens in the rumen of goats have not yet been reported and proven in an in vivo condition.…”

“…The PL contains a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites such as saponin, tannins and other phenolic compounds which is being used in different countries as a medicinal supplement due to its anti-bacterial activity (Ikram et al 2015). In our previous study, the phenolic compounds were shown to be present in PL and PL methanolic extract (Jafari et al 2016a(Jafari et al , 2017. Furthermore, various levels of PL, PL methanolic extract and different solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) of PL inhibited ruminal BH of C18 PUFA and increased abundance of B. fibrisolvens at 24 h of incubation in an in vitro condition (Jafari et al 2016a(Jafari et al , 2016b(Jafari et al , 2017.…”