Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: What did We Learn from the 2009 Pandemic and are We Better Prepared Now?

Rockman, Steven; Laurie, Karen; Barr, Ian G.

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020211

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Among these, MDCK and MDCK-SIAT1 cell lines are commonly used as they are highly permissive to influenza viruses, easy to cultivate and progeny virus contain few modifications from the OCS 9 . Currently, the majority of influenza virus vaccines are still manufactured in embryonated hen’s eggs 17 , 18 , although alternative non-egg host systems, such as the use of mammalian cells and recombinant protein vaccines have been licensed (reviewed in ref. 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced isolation of influenza viruses in qualified cells improves the probability of well-matched vaccines

Peck

Laurie²,

Rockman

et al. 2021

npj Vaccines

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Influenza vaccines are utilised to combat seasonal and pandemic influenza. The key to influenza vaccination currently is the availability of candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). Ideally, CVVs reflect the antigenic characteristics of the circulating virus, which may vary depending upon the isolation method. For traditional inactivated egg-based vaccines, CVVs are isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, while for cell-culture production, CVV’s are isolated in either embryonated eggs or qualified cell lines. We compared isolation rates, growth characteristics, genetic stability and antigenicity of cell and egg CVV’s derived from the same influenza-positive human clinical respiratory samples collected from 2008–2020. Influenza virus isolation rates in MDCK33016PF cells were twice that of eggs and mutations in the HA protein were common in egg CVVs but rare in cell CVVs. These results indicate that fully cell-based influenza vaccines will improve the choice, match and potentially the effectiveness, of seasonal influenza vaccines compared to egg-based vaccines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced isolation of influenza viruses in qualified cells improves the probability of well-matched vaccines

Peck

Laurie²,

Rockman

et al. 2021

npj Vaccines

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show abstract

“…In light of the current global influenza vaccine production capacity, it is unlikely that there would be sufficient vaccine available in the first 12 months of an influenza pandemic to meet global needs. Production capacities to provide a monovalent inactivated influenza vaccine at 15 μg HA per dose, as currently used in seasonal influenza vaccines, are estimated at 4 to 6 billion doses [ 11 , 12 ]. A study from the 2009 swine flu pandemic showed that eight months after the first detection of the virus, less than 500 million doses of monovalent vaccine of any sort were produced [ 13 ], which would have been woefully insufficient in the case of a pandemic of higher severity.…”

Section: Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there is still a need for the improvement of existing pandemic influenza vaccines. Novel egg-independent technologies are still very much in progress today, although they have started to be implemented for seasonal vaccines in certain parts of the world [ 12 , 14 , 16 ]. It is however questionable if some of these technologies could be implemented in LMICs on a large scale and within a suitable timeframe, in the case of a new rapidly spreading pandemic.…”

Section: Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better Pandemic Influenza Preparedness through Adjuvant Technology Transfer: Challenges and Lessons Learned

Lemoine

Nidom²,

Ventura

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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Adequate global vaccine coverage during an influenza pandemic is essential to mitigate morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. Vaccine development and production needs to be sufficient to meet a vast global demand, requiring international cooperation and local vaccine production capacity, especially in resource-constrained countries. The use of adjuvants is one approach to augment the number of available vaccine doses and to overcome potential vaccine shortages. Appropriately selected adjuvant technologies can decrease the amount of vaccine antigen required per dose, may broaden or lengthen the conferred protection against disease, and may even allow protective single-dose vaccination. Here we describe a technology transfer collaboration between Switzerland and Indonesia that led to the establishment of a vaccine formulation platform in Surabaya which involved the transfer of equipment and expertise to enable research and development of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and delivery systems. This new Indonesian capability aims to facilitate local and regional access to know-how relating to adjuvanted vaccine formulations, thus promoting their application to local vaccine developers. In this review, we aim to share the “lessons learned” from this project to both support and inspire future scientific collaborations of a similar nature.

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“…Current vaccines usually induce strain-specific immunity, and they can be ineffective if there is a mismatch between the circulating viruses and vaccine strains [ 111 ]. In addition, these vaccines usually do not confer protection against emergent pandemic strains, such as the H1N1 in 2009, for which production of a strain-specific vaccine became necessary [ 112 ]. Limitations of seasonal influenza vaccines and the constant threat of a new influenza pandemic urge for the development of a wider range of strategies to tackle these viruses.…”

Section: Aav Vectors Expressing Nanobodies To Fight Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small Virus to Deliver Small Antibodies: New Targeted Therapies Based on AAV Delivery of Nanobodies

2021

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Nanobodies are camelid-derived single-domain antibodies that present some advantages versus conventional antibodies, such as a smaller size, and higher tissue penetrability, stability, and hydrophilicity. Although nanobodies can be delivered as proteins, in vivo expression from adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors represents an attractive strategy. This is due to the fact that AAV vectors, that can provide long-term expression of recombinant genes, have shown an excellent safety profile, and can accommodate genes for one or several nanobodies. In fact, several studies showed that AAV vectors can provide sustained nanobody expression both locally or systemically in preclinical models of human diseases. Some of the pathologies addressed with this technology include cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, infectious, and genetic diseases. Depending on the indication, AAV-delivered nanobodies can be expressed extracellularly or inside cells. Intracellular nanobodies or “intrabodies” carry out their function by interacting with cell proteins involved in disease and have also been designed to help elucidate cellular mechanisms by interfering with normal cell processes. Finally, nanobodies can also be used to retarget AAV vectors, when tethered to viral capsid proteins. This review covers applications in which AAV vectors have been used to deliver nanobodies, with a focus on their therapeutic use.

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Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: What did We Learn from the 2009 Pandemic and are We Better Prepared Now?

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Enhanced isolation of influenza viruses in qualified cells improves the probability of well-matched vaccines

Enhanced isolation of influenza viruses in qualified cells improves the probability of well-matched vaccines

Better Pandemic Influenza Preparedness through Adjuvant Technology Transfer: Challenges and Lessons Learned

A Small Virus to Deliver Small Antibodies: New Targeted Therapies Based on AAV Delivery of Nanobodies

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