Palm Oil Mill Effluent as an Environmental Pollutant

Kamyab, Hesam; Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan; Din, Mohd Fadhil Md; Rezania, Shahabaldin; Khademi, Tayebeh; Kumar, Ashok

doi:10.5772/intechopen.75811

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Rapid industrial development in the oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food industries have led to large production of oily wastewater [ 1 ]. For instance, production of the palm oil mill effluent (POME) is one of main industrial causes of the production of oily wastewater in Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, which produced approximately 36, 21 and 2 million × 10 3 kg of palm oil, respectively, in 2017 [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. These values are estimated to be increasing annually, which eventually results in increasing discharge of oily wastewater [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Via Vapour Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration

et al. 2021

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Membrane-based technology is an attractive option for the treatment of oily wastewater because of its high oil removal efficiency, small footprint and operational simplicity. However, filtration performance is highly restricted by membrane fouling, especially when treating oil/water emulsion as a result of strong interaction between oil droplets and the hydrophobic property of the membrane. This study explores the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based membrane via the vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) method while incorporating polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a hydrophilic additive to encounter membrane fouling issues and improve membrane filterability. The resulting membranes were characterized and tested for oil/water emulsion filtration to evaluate their hydraulic, rejection and anti-fouling properties. Results show that the changes in membrane morphology and structure from typical macrovoids with finger-like substructure to cellular structure and larger membrane pore size were observed by the prolonged exposure time from 0 to 30 min through the VIPS method. The enhanced clean water permeability is attributed to the addition of PVP–LiCl in the dope solution that enlarges the mean flow pore size from 0.210 ± 0.1 to 7.709 ± 3.5 µm. The best performing membrane was the VIPS membrane with an exposure time of 5 min (M-5), showing oil/water emulsion permeability of 187 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1 and oil rejection of 91.3% as well as an elevation of 84% of clean water permeability compared to pristine PVDF developed using a typical non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Despite the relatively high total fouling, M-5 was able to maintain its high permeability by water flushing as a simple operation for membrane fouling control. The performance was achieved thanks to combination of the large mean flow pore size and hydrophilic property from residual PVP in the membarne matrix. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of the optimum VIPS method in the presence of PVP and LiCl additives for oil/water emulsion treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Via Vapour Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration

et al. 2021

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“…However, the recent enforcement by DOE has set a stringent standard A discharge limit with 20ppm discharge limit which is a big challenge to most mills to comply with the conventional technologies which are having inconsistent quality of treated wastewater. The untreated POME usually contained high BOD up to 100 times higher than domestic sewage as well as high COD and suspended solid [22].…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking Points of Green and Sustainable Palm Oil Mill System in Malaysia

Zamri*,

Akhiar,

Shamsuddin

2019

IJRTE

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Todays, the palm oil milling industry (POMI) has been given serious attention due to environmental issues that arise from the milling processes. Greenhouse gas emission, wastewater quality, waste management plan and energy efficiency are the main POMI issues that contribute to the environmental problems. Critically, this issues could bring a serious impact in sustaining Malaysia palm oil industry in current global economic competitiveness. Moreover, the stringent trading standard for palm oil industry has forced the palm oil producer to align and fulfilling the requirements accordingly. In this short article, the overview of POMI system in Malaysia were elaborated. Besides, the strength and weaknesses of the Malaysia POMI system were highlighted in giving understanding of current condition. Furthermore, the challenge and potential in greening POMI system were discussed in ensuring sustainable future of POMI in Malaysia.

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“…The common practice for the POME treatment is by using biology process such as aerobic and anaerobic digestions. However, during these treatment biogases that produced are released into the atmosphere as one of the sources of greenhouse gases 40) . The generated biogas is containing 65% of methane which has 21 times global warming potential compare to carbon dioxide 41) .…”

Section: Palm Oil Mill Effluentmentioning

confidence: 99%