Palladium-catalyzed oxidative diffusion for tritium extraction from breeder-blanket fluids at low concentrations

Hsu, C.; Buxbaum, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(86)80043-5

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In fact, the Pd-Ag alloy membranes have been practically used for hydrogen purification for decades especially in the field of semiconductor industries and nuclear fusion engineering. 19,20) However, since the Pd metal is extremely expensive, it is very important to search for a new alloy which can replace the Pd-Ag alloys as hydrogen permeable membrane materials. The new alloy must be non-Pd-based alloys with the minimum Pd addition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Melt-Spun Ni-Nb-Zr Amorphous Alloy Membranes

et al. 2003

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We prepared the melt-spun (Ni 0:6 Nb 0:4 ) 100Àx Zr x (x ¼ 0 to 40 at%) and other amorphous alloy membranes and examined the permeation of hydrogen through those alloy membranes. The interatomic spacing in the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous structure increased with increasing Zr content. The crystallization temperature of the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous alloys decreased with increasing Zr content. The hydrogen flow increased with an increase of the temperature or the difference in the square-roots of hydrogen pressures across the membrane, Á ffiffiffi p p . At relatively higher temperature up to 673 K or at relatively higher hydrogen pressure difference, Á ffiffiffi p p up to 550 Pa 1=2 , the hydrogen flow was more strictly proportional to Á ffiffiffi p p . This indicates that the diffusion of hydrogen through the membrane is a rate-controlling factor for hydrogen permeation.The permeability of the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous alloys was strongly dependent on alloy compositions and increased with increasing Zr content. However, it was difficult to investigate the hydrogen permeability of the (Ni 0:6 Nb 0:4 ) 60 Zr 40 amorphous alloy in this work due to the embrittlement during the measurement. The maximum hydrogen permeability was 1:3 Â 10 À8 (molÁm À1 Ás À1 ÁPa À1=2 ) at 673 K for the (Ni 0:6 Nb 0:4 ) 70 Zr 30 amorphous alloy. It is noticed that the hydrogen permeability of the (Ni 0:6 Nb 0:4 ) 70 Zr 30 amorphous alloy is higher than that of pure Pd metal. These permeation characteristics indicate the possibility of future practical use of the melt-spun amorphous alloys as a hydrogen permeable membrane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Melt-Spun Ni-Nb-Zr Amorphous Alloy Membranes

et al. 2003

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“…In particular, an innovative and complex design of finger-type palladium-silver membrane was developed in order to work under hydrogen atmosphere by Demange et al . [172] Hsu and Buxbaum [173] studied Pd-catalyzed oxidative diffusion to extract hydrogen from a metal solution at very low partial pressures.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The water‐gas shift reaction: from conventional catalytic systems to Pd‐based membrane reactors—a review

Mendes

Madeira

et al. 2009

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

200

109

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The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is a well-known step for upgrading carbon monoxide to hydrogen in the production of synthesis gas. For more than 90 years after its first industrial application, many issues in respect of the catalyst, process configuration, reactor design, reaction mechanisms and kinetics have been investigated. More recently, a renewed interest in the WGS reaction carried out in hydrogen perm-selective membrane reactors (MRs) has been observed because of the growing use of polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells that operate using high-purity hydrogen. Moreover, MRs are viewed as an interesting technology in order to overcome the equilibrium conversion limitations in traditional reactors.This article reviews the most relevant topics of WGS MR technology -catalysis and membrane science. The most used catalysts and relevant progress achieved so far are described and critically reviewed. The effects of the most important parameters affecting the WGS in MRs are detailed. In addition, an overview on the most used membranes in MRs is also presented and discussed. 

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“…In fact, the tritium produced in the breeder needs a proper extraction process to reach the required purity level. Yoshida et al [77] carried out experimental and theoretical studies of a catalytic reduction method, which allows the tritium recovery from tritiated water with a high conversion value ([99.99%) at a relatively low temperature, while Hsu and Buxbaum [78] studied a palladium catalysed oxidative diffusion to extract hydrogen from metal solution at very low partial pressures. The method is useful for extracting tritium from a liquid lithium breeder blanket at low concentration.…”

Section: Water Gas Shift Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production Using Pd-based Membrane Reactors for Fuel Cells

Basile

2008

Top Catal

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In this review, recent progress on palladiumbased membrane reactors (MRs) is outlined concentrating on the production of pure hydrogen. Various aspects are presented concerning some dehydrogenation reactions as well as an analysis of the palladium based membranes under study and the governing equations. Some critical aspects of non-palladium based membranes are presented. Moreover, some problems related to the effect of contamination of the Pd-based membranes and to the H 2 flux are introduced; the long-term durability problems of inorganic MRs are also discussed.

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Palladium-catalyzed oxidative diffusion for tritium extraction from breeder-blanket fluids at low concentrations

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Melt-Spun Ni-Nb-Zr Amorphous Alloy Membranes

Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Melt-Spun Ni-Nb-Zr Amorphous Alloy Membranes

The water‐gas shift reaction: from conventional catalytic systems to Pd‐based membrane reactors—a review

Hydrogen Production Using Pd-based Membrane Reactors for Fuel Cells

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