The water‐gas shift reaction: from conventional catalytic systems to Pd‐based membrane reactors—a review

Mendes, Diogo; Mendes, Adélio; Madeira, Luís M.; Iulianelli, Adolfo; Sousa, José M.; Basile, Angelo

doi:10.1002/apj.364

Cited by 192 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…The CVD technique allows to very easily deposit a metal film on a support. On the other hand, using both of these techniques it may be difficult to control the metal alloy composition [179].…”

Section: Hydrogen Perm-selective Membranes For Membrane Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and strategies for optimization of glycerol steam reforming process

Silva

Soria

Madeira

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

193

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The steam reforming of the main biodiesel by-product, glycerol, has been catching up the interest of the scientific community in the last years. The use of glycerol for hydrogen production is an advantageous option not only because glycerol is renewable but also because it's use would lead to the decrease of the price of biodiesel, thus making it more competitive. Consequently, the use of biodiesel at large scale would significantly reduce CO2 emissions comparatively to fossil fuels. Moreover, hydrogen itself is seen as a very attractive clean fuel for transportation purposes.Therefore, the industrialization of the glycerol steam reforming (GSR) process would have a tremendous global environmental impact. In the last years, intensive research regarding GSR thermodynamics, catalysts, reaction mechanisms and kinetics, and innovative reactor configurations (sorption enhanced reactors (SERs) and membrane reactors (MRs)) has been done, aiming for improving the process effectiveness. In this review, the main challenges and strategies adopted for optimization of GSR process are addressed, namely the GSR thermodynamic aspects, the last developments on catalysis and kinetics, as well as the last advances on GSR performed in SERs and MRs.

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Section: Hydrogen Perm-selective Membranes For Membrane Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and strategies for optimization of glycerol steam reforming process

Silva

Soria

Madeira

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

193

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“…The first step, HT-WGS, operates in the temperature range of 350-450 °C, which has fast reaction rate but low CO equilibrium conversion values. The second stage, LT-WGS, generally performed in the range of 200-250 ºC, is thermodynamically favourable to further convert CO, but relatively slow in terms of reaction rate [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the preparation method on the catalytic activity and stability of Au/Fe2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature water–gas shift reaction

Soria

Pérez

Carabineiro

et al. 2014

Applied Catalysis A: General

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The low temperature water-gas-shift reaction has been studied over a series of nanosized Au/Fe2O3 catalysts. The effect of the synthesis method on the catalytic activity has been analysed. A series of catalysts with different Au loadings has been prepared by different methods: Deposition-Precipitation (DP), Liquid Phase Reductive Deposition (LPRD) and Double Impregnation Method (DIM). The Au/Fe2O3 catalysts prepared by DP showed the highest CO conversion. The catalysts were characterised by hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TPR-H2 analysis revealed that gold promotes the reducibility of the Fe2O3 support, which is crucial in this redox reaction. HRTEM evidences a very good dispersion of gold over the iron support, with nanoparticles in the range 2.2-3.1 nm for the DP and LPRD series, and a negligible increase in the average particle size of the used samples. For the DIM series, much larger Au particles (~6.6 nm) were obtained.

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“…However, competitive adsorption of CO, CO 2 and H 2 O on the Pd/Ag surface can significantly decrease its H 2 permeance [63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Sorbent Enhanced Membrane Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on water–gas-shift enhanced by adsorption and membrane permeation

et al. 2014

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A new sorption enhanced membrane reactor (SEMR), consisting of a packed adsorbentcatalyst bed (10% CuO/CeO 2 catalyst and a hydrotalcite-derived Mg-Al mixed oxide) around a tubular Pd/Ag hollow fibre membrane, has been proposed to obtain high purity H 2 and simultaneous capture of CO 2 during the water gas shift reaction. The H 2 yield at 350ºC using the SER was 80%, which is 33% higher than that obtained in the traditional FBR and 18% higher than the corresponding thermodynamic equilibrium.However, due to the high CO/H 2 O ratio (R > 1), undesirable side-reactions such as C deposition become important at temperatures higher than 400ºC. A similar behaviour was observed using the SEMR, however in this case, a high purity CO x free H 2 production was obtained. This preliminary study shows relevant data obtained using a SER and the new SEMR, which allows for the better understanding and design of multifunctional catalytic reactors.

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The water‐gas shift reaction: from conventional catalytic systems to Pd‐based membrane reactors—a review

Cited by 192 publications

References 174 publications

Challenges and strategies for optimization of glycerol steam reforming process

Challenges and strategies for optimization of glycerol steam reforming process

Effect of the preparation method on the catalytic activity and stability of Au/Fe2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature water–gas shift reaction

Studies on water–gas-shift enhanced by adsorption and membrane permeation

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