Hydrogen Production Using Pd-based Membrane Reactors for Fuel Cells

Basile, Angelo

doi:10.1007/s11244-008-9128-6

Cited by 61 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Hydrogen permeation phenomenon through a Pd-Ag membrane is explained by Sieverts' law based on the mass transfer and surface reactions principals [26,43]. As stated by the Sieverts' law, the hydrogen permeation rate through Pd-Ag membrane is a temperature activated phenomena driven by the difference between the partial pressure of hydrogen at two sides, i.e.…”

Section: Static Models Of the Permeation Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic simulation of pure hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor

Hedayati

Corre

Lacarrière

et al. 2016

Energy

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Ethanol steam reforming (ESR) was performed over Pd-Rh/CeO2 catalyst in a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) as a reformer unit for production of fuel cell grade pure hydrogen. Experiments were performed at 923 K, 6–10 bar, and fuel flow rates of 50–200 µl/min using a mixture of ethanol and distilled water with steam to carbon ratio of 3. A static model for the catalytic zone was derived from the Arrhenius law to calculate the total molar production rates of ESR products, i.e. CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and H2O in the catalytic zone of the CMR (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.993). The pure hydrogen production rate at steady state conditions was modeled by means of a static model based on the Sieverts' law. Finally, a dynamic model was developed under ideal gas law assumptions to simulate the dynamics of pure hydrogen production rate in the case of the fuel flow rate or the operating pressure set point adjustment (transient state) at isothermal conditions. The simulation of fuel flow rate change dynamics was more essential compared to the pressure change one, as the system responded much faster to such an adjustment. The results of the dynamic simulation fitted very well to the experimental values at P = 7–10 bar, which proved the robustness of the simulation based on the Sieverts' law. The simulation presented in this work is similar to the hydrogen flow rate adjustments needed to set the electrical load of a fuel cell, when fed online by the pure hydrogen generating reformer studied.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

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Section: Static Models Of the Permeation Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic simulation of pure hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor

Hedayati

Corre

Lacarrière

et al. 2016

Energy

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“…The experiments were performed in a membrane reactor with selective Pd-based metallic membranes for producing pure hydrogen in which the production and separation of hydrogen took place simultaneously. The benefits of catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) such as simultaneous generation and separation of hydrogen, cost reduction, simplicity of the design, and reforming reactions promotion beyond the equilibrium limits (the shift effect) are well known and repeatedly reported in the literature [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergetic study of catalytic steam reforming of bio-ethanol over Pd–Rh/CeO2 with hydrogen purification in a membrane reactor

Hedayati

Corre

Lacarrière

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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In this work, we present the application of exergy analysis in the evaluation of the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) process in a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) containing Pd-Ag membranes sandwiched by PdRh/CeO 2 catalyst to produce fuel cell grade pure hydrogen (no sweep gas). ESR experiments were performed at T=873-923 K and P=4-12 bar. The fuel was a mixture of ethanol and distilled water with steam to carbon ratio=1.6, 2, and 3. The exergy evaluation of the system is based on the experimental data, where total yields of 3.5 mol H 2 permeated per mol ethanol in feed with maximum hydrogen recuperation of 90% were measured at 923 K and 12 bar. The exergy efficiency of the system was evaluated considering both the insulated reactor (without heat loss), and non-insulated reactor (with heat loss). Exergy efficiency up to around 50% was reached in the case of the insulated reactor at 12 bar and 923 K. It was concluded that the highest amount of exergy was destructed by heat losses. The study showed that the exergy content of the retentate gas can provide the reactor with a notable fraction of its required heat at steady state conditions which can remarkably increase the overall exergy efficiency of the system. In this case, thermal efficiency of the insulated reactor was between 70-90%, which decreased to 40-60% when the heat loss was considered.Keywords: exergy, hydrogen, catalytic membrane reactor, ethanol steam reforming Highlights  Ethanol steam reforming experiments were performed in a membrane reactor  Hydrogen yield of 0.55 and hydrogen recovery 92% were obtained  0.9 L N pure hydrogen per ml of converted ethanol was produced  Exergy efficiency up to 50% was calculated in the case of an insulated reactor  Reactor insulation and retentate gas exergy recovery increased the efficiency of the system are the key factors for system optimization  Heat losses are the main source of exergy loss  The retentate gas has a large amount of recoverable exergy content

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“…When hydrogen-rich gases are produced from the aforementioned fuel processing routes, they can be separated and purified through pressure swing adsorption (PSA), cryogenic distillation (CD) and membrane separation [6]. A comparison to the technologies of PSA and CD, membrane separation possesses the merits of low energy consumption, easy and continuous operation as well as high purity hydrogen gained from the process [7,8]. Consequently, membrane separation has been considered as a more costeffective mean for pure hydrogen production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen permeation measurements of Pd and Pd–Cu membranes using dynamic pressure difference method

Chen

Hsu

2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Hydrogen Production Using Pd-based Membrane Reactors for Fuel Cells

Cited by 61 publications

References 185 publications

Dynamic simulation of pure hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor

Dynamic simulation of pure hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor

Exergetic study of catalytic steam reforming of bio-ethanol over Pd–Rh/CeO2 with hydrogen purification in a membrane reactor

Hydrogen permeation measurements of Pd and Pd–Cu membranes using dynamic pressure difference method

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