Palladium-based electrodes: A way to reduce platinum content in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Synthesis and testing of new carbon-supported PdP catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

“…When using PdPt [9,10], Pd 50 Pt 30 Ni 20 [10,11] and Pd 5 Cu 4 Pt [12] cathode electrocatalysts, the PEMFC performance was comparable to that obtained with Pt. However, the cell performances for PdNi [13], PdCu [14], PdMo [15], PdCo, PdPtCo [16], Pd 45 Pt 5 Sn 50 [17] PdCo-ceria [18] were slightly lower than the one obtained with commercial Pt under the same experimental conditions. For Pd 45 Pt 5 Sn 50 , the same catalyst loading was used in both the anodic and the cathodic sides, assigning the low performance to the low Pt content in the catalyst [17].…”

Comparative analysis between mass and volume of catalysts as a criterion to determine the optimal quantity of Nafion ionomer in catalyst layers

“…The images obtained by TEM showed an irregular distribution of palladium on the substrate and also the formation of agglomerates, confirming the results of previous studies [12,13,37,38]. Table 5 presents the percentages of metal mass determined by EDX, the average particle diameters ðÂÞ of palladium, and their estimated specific surface area [51,52].…”

Influence of the relative volumes between catalyst and Nafion ionomer in the catalyst layer efficiency

“…Through Fig. 4 it may be seen that Pd/C has particles with diameter from 3 nm, but there was also the formation of large agglomerates, a fact which is typical in syntheses with palladium [47,88,100]. Table 3 presents the mean particle diameters, the specific surface areas calculated by the distribution of particle diameters, the metal mass fractions determined by EDX, and the lattice parameters of each metal.…”