Pais encarcerados: narrativas de presos sobre a experiência da paternidade na prisão

Abstract

Este artigo está licenciado sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que a publicação original seja corretamente citada. ResumoConsiderando o expressivo crescimento da população prisional brasileira e o fato do encarceramento impactar não apenas o indivíduo preso, mas também seus familiares, investigamos a experiência paterna de 41 presidiários cumprindo pena em uma penitenciária paulista. Optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa que utiliza uma Narrativa Interativa, seguida de uma discussão em grupo, para explorar os sentidos afetivo-emocionais que a experiência da paternidade pode tomar na prisão. Os filhos figuram como incentivo à mudança de vida do preso, além de serem referidos como principal suporte emocional nesta condição de vulnerabilidade. Sentimentos de culpa, impotência e arrependimento marcam o relato dos participantes, além da preocupação com o futuro dos filhos. Relações conjugais conflituosas e exigências institucionais contribuem para a fragilização do vínculo pai-filhos. Os achados deste estudo sinalizam os potenciais benefícios que o fortalecimento dos vínculos familiares reverte para o bem estar dos filhos e a reintegração social do preso. AbstractConsidering the growth of the Brazilian prison population and the fact that the imprisonment impacts not only the prisoner, but also their relatives, we investigate the paternal experience of 41 inmates serving time in a penitentiary of Sao Paulo. As a qualitative approach we used an Interactive Narrative followed by a group discussion, to explore the affective-emotional meanings that the experience of fatherhood may take in prison. The children are featured as an incentive to change the inmate's life, and as main emotional support in this condition of vulnerability. Feelings of guilt, impotence and regret set the tone for the participants' narratives, beyond the concern with their children's future. Contentious marital relationships and institutional demands contribute to weaken the father-son bond. This study indicates the potential benefits that the strengthening of familial bonds may revert to the well being of the children and to the social reintegration of the inmate. Padres encarcelados: narrativas de presos sobre la experiencia de la paternidad en la prisión ResumenConsiderando el expresivo crecimiento de la población penitenciaria brasileña y el hecho de que el encarcelamiento impacta el preso y sus familiares, hemos investigado la experiencia paterna de 41 prisioneros en una penitenciaria de São Paulo. Elegimos un abordaje cualitativo que utiliza una Narrativa Interactiva para explotar los sentidos afectivo-emocionales que la experiencia de la paternidad puede tener en la prisión. Los hijos representan un incentivo para el cambio de vida del preso y son el principal suporte emocional en esta condición de vulnerabilidad. Sentimientos de culpa, impotencia y arrepentimiento son frecuentes en el relato de los participantes, al lado de la pr...

The implication of deprivation of freedom on fathering: a qualitative study

“…Consistent with other studies (Miranda & Granato, 2016;Techera et al, 2012), we identified in the participants' discourses that the relationship between the incarcerated father and the children's mother is crucial for the contact between father and children to be maintained. Thus, a distant and conflicted relationship with the children's mother almost always implied in some kind of emotional separation between father and child, since the mother is responsible for bringing and/or authorizing the children to enter the correctional facility.…”

“…" Studies indicate that men deprived of their freedom use letters as a strategy to share experiences and fill the gap caused by their absence (Mapson, 2013;Miranda & Granato, 2016). Although not legal, Lucas and Márcio also mentioned the use of video and voice calls on mobile phones to talk to their children:…”

“…Several studies showed that men deprived of their freedom feared that their children's frequent contact with the prison environment could enhance the risk of future involvement with crime (Miranda & Granato, 2016;Silva & Guzzo, 2007;Techera et al, 2012). Conversely, the majority of fathers interviewed in this study declared not having this concern.…”

“…I won't give up, right? It's what I have, my family, no way around it" (Fernando) Although the scientific literature emphasizes that family ties can, effectively, constitute a protective factor for non-recurrence (Lee et al, 2012, Mapson, 2013, Miranda & Granato, 2016, Waldegrave & Woodall, 2016, it is important to reflect on how much these "remission discourse"i.e., the recurrent statements that they want to change their lives and that when they leave prison they will be honest workers are influenced by the discourse of being a "good citizen", the one who works and loves/cares for his family.…”

“…The opposite happens to motherhood, an experience that is discussed more often. Usually, the studies on maternity in prison seek to understand the impact of female incarceration on the experience of being a mother (Lee, Sansone, Swanson, & Tatum, 2012;Miranda & Granato, 2016;Techera, Garibotto, & Urreta, 2012). This fact shows that in prison, too, maternity is seen as more relevant than paternity.…”