Pain in the neonate: An analysis of facial movements and crying in response to nociceptive stimuli

Delevati, Nadia Maria; Bergamasco, Niélsy Helena Puglia

doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(99)80011-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is not an acoustic analysis, strictly speaking, because we have analyzed only the intensity (in decibels) and latency of the crying. Nevertheless, the mean latency of crying is used in some studies of infant crying (Cecchini, Lai, & Langher, 2007;Robb, Crowell, Dunn-Rankin, & Tinsley, 2007), in order to study the response of nociceptive stimuli in infants (Delevati & Bergamasco, 1999) or as a diagnostic method (Rautava et al, 2007;Robb et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Crying: Pattern of Weeping, Recognition of Emotion and Affective Reactions in Observers

2012

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This study has three objectives: a) to describe the main differences in the crying patterns produced by the three affective states most closely related to crying: fear, anger and pain; b) to study the adults' accuracy in the recognition of the affective states related to the infant's crying, and c) to analyze the emotional reaction that infant crying elicits in the observers. Results reveal that the main differences appear in the ocular activity and in the pattern of weeping. The infants maintain their eyes open during the crying produced by fear and anger, but in the case of crying provoked by painful stimuli, the eyes remain closed almost all the time. In regard to the pattern of weeping, the crying gradually increase in the case of anger, but the weeping reaches its maximum intensity practically from the beginning in the case of pain and fear. In spite of these differences, it is not easy to know the cause that produces crying in infants, especially in the case of fear or anger. Although observers can't recognize the cause of crying, the emotional reaction is greater when the baby cries in pain than when the baby cries because of fear or anger. Keywords: infant crying, facial expression, emotion, anger, fear, pain.Este trabajo tiene tres objetivos: a) describir las diferencias en el patrón de llanto provocado por tres emociones características del llanto: miedo, enfado y dolor; b) estudiar el grado de precisión que tienen los adultos para reconocer la emoción que ha provocado el llanto y c) analizar la reacción afectiva de los observadores ante el llanto de los bebés. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que las principales diferencias se presentan en la actividad ocular y en la dinámica del llanto. Así, cuando los bebés lloran a causa del enfado, o por miedo, permanecen con los ojos abiertos, mientras que los mantienen cerrados durante todo el tiempo en el caso del dolor. En lo que se refiere a la dinámica del llanto, la intensidad se va incrementando gradualmente en el caso del enfado, mientras que aparece en su máxima intensidad desde el primer momento en el caso del dolor y del miedo. Pese a ello, no es fácil reconocer qué emoción es la que está provocando el llanto, especialmente con el enfado y miedo. Sin embargo, aunque no sepan reconocer la causa del llanto, el dolor provoca una reacción afectiva más intensa en los adultos que el enfado o miedo. Palabras clave : llanto infantil, expresión facial, emoción, ira, miedo, dolor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Crying: Pattern of Weeping, Recognition of Emotion and Affective Reactions in Observers

2012

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“…Não cabe aqui rever em detalhes a extensa literatura que fundamenta a visão cada vez mais prevalente sobre o bebê como um organismo fi namente ajustado para obter do mundo aquilo que é essencial para sua sobrevivência: o contato e a interação ativa com o Outro. Nas palavras de Bussab et al (2007, p. 102), "chegamos ao mundo com um encontro marcado"; e para esse encontro a evolução nos preparou cuidadosamente, em termos de capacidades sensoriais, de preferências perceptivas e motivacionais, de responsividade diferencial a aspectos relevantes do ambiente, de capacidades expressivas e de vida emocional (por exemplo, Bergamasco,1997;Bergamasco & Beraldo,1990;Carvalho, 1988a;Delevati & Bergamasco, 1999;Seidl de Moura & Ribas, 2004;Tudella et al, 2000 -para citar apenas alguns trabalhos em nosso próprio meio). A compreensão integral dessa concepção só é possível se a evolução biológica da díade mãefi lho for entendida como a evolução de um sistema, ou uma coevolução: nas palavras de Carvalho (1983, p. 277), "o ambiente natural de um bebê é o corpo de sua mãe".…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: há questões novas?

Carvalho

2021

Cad. Psic. /Psych. Notes

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O objetivo deste texto é contribuir para o questionamento de certas concepções sobre a infância e osentido do estudo do desenvolvimento. Recorrendo ao trabalho de Evelyn Thoman que, já na década de80, examinou e questionou alguns pressupostos, em suas palavras, “mitos”, que orientam a Psicologiado Desenvolvimento – os mitos do neonato defi ciente, das competências aditivas, da neutralidadeemocional e do futurismo – refl etimos sobre sua evolução e recorrência na atualidade e apontamosalguns caminhos que temos seguido em nosso trabalho e que consideramos promissores para a críticadesses pressupostos e para a redefi nição de conceitos como interação social, sociabilidade, seletividade,vínculo e cultura de pares.

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“…No Brasil, os estudos sobre avaliação de dor em neonatos, possuem como objetivo analisar o uso de intervenção farmacológica (GUINSBURG, 1993), a validação de instrumentos de avaliação (GUINSBURG et al, 1997(GUINSBURG et al, , 2003PEREIRA et al, 1999) e verificar características neonatais e do procedimento doloroso que poderiam interferir na resposta à dor dos neonatos (DELEVATI;BERGAMASCO, 1999;GUINSBURG, 2000).…”

Section: O Uso Da Sacarose No Alívio Da Dor Em Neonatosunclassified

Dor em neonatos pré-termo em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal: avaliação e intervenção com sacarose

Gaspardo¹

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Pain is inherent to the intensive treatment procedures offered to preterm neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. The early and repeated experiences of pain may have a long-term effects for the vulnerable neonates. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Pediatric Society recommend using a sucrose solution for pain relief in NICU during invasive and painful procedures. The present study had the purpose to assess the pain reactions of preterm neonates during a procedure for blood collection, evaluating the moment of puncture as well as the effects of handling the neonates for antisepsis and for bandages, and evaluating the efficacy of the intervention with the sucrose solution at 25% for pain relief by administering a single dose of 0.5 ml/Kg. Thirty-three neonates were randomly assigned to two groups: Sucrose Group (n=17) and Water Group (n=16). The neonates were evaluated during two consecutive days. In the first assessment, the neonates from both groups did not receive the solution before the painful procedure. In the second assessment, the Sucrose Group received oral sucrose and the Water Group received sterile water, two minutes before the invasive painful procedure of puncture for blood collection. Each evaluation was divided into five phases: Baseline, Preparation for Puncture (antisepsis), Puncture, Recovery with Handling (bandage), and Recovery without Handling. The indicators of pain were evaluated by the facial activity, measured by the Neonatal Facial Coding System. The level of activation of the neonates was measured by their sleep-awake state and heart rate. The between and within-group data analysis revealed that, on the first day of evaluation, the neonates anticipated their reaction to the painful puncture stimulus, and showed a significant increase in the behavioral indicators of facial activity, sleep-awake state, and heart rate evaluated at the Preparation for Puncture. Both groups showed a high behavioral and physiological reactivity in the Puncture phase, in comparison to the Baseline. During recovery, the physiological indicator of heart rate continued high. In the second day of evaluation, the neonates who received 0.5 ml/Kg of the sucrose solution at 25% showed lower scores of facial activity, which indicates they experienced less pain in comparison to the neonates who received sterile water before, during, and after the procedure of puncture for blood collection. However, there were no significant differences in terms of the physiological indicator of heart rate. It is concluded that the dose of 0.5 ml/kg of sucrose solution at 25%, recommended for the administration in repeated doses, was efficient for pain relief, evaluated by means of the reduction of behavioral indicators. However, the physiological indicator remained high, which suggests there is a need for other comfort manegement associated to sucrose, with the aim to diminish the state of activation and irritability of the central nervous system.

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Pain in the neonate: An analysis of facial movements and crying in response to nociceptive stimuli

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Infant Crying: Pattern of Weeping, Recognition of Emotion and Affective Reactions in Observers

Infant Crying: Pattern of Weeping, Recognition of Emotion and Affective Reactions in Observers

Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: há questões novas?

Dor em neonatos pré-termo em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal: avaliação e intervenção com sacarose

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