Padrão de especialização no comércio exterior, tecnologia e crescimento econômico do Brasil

Economies of agglomeration and their relation with industrial productivity in Brazilian municipalities

“…When more intense levels of technology are investigated, theoretically, they present a better innovator environment with potential to lead to a higher productive efficiency in the region. The issue in this case is that great part of the goods needed for production in these firms of higher technological intensity are not produced internally and have to be imported (Carmo, Higashi, & Raiher, ). This partly justifies the absence of specialized agglomeration effects of high/medium‐high technology on the productivity of Brazilian municipalities.…”

COVID-19 and employment in Brazilian microregions: A spatial analysis

“…Table 6 shows the results of the GWR global estimates 7 , seeking to observe especially the effect of exports and social distancing on the employment growth rate in Brazilian microregions in April 2020.…”

“…Potentially, there are three possible explanations: first, the international income fall is still developing, and for this reason, it has not dropped expressively the demand for Brazilian goods yet; second, a fall in exports has already occurred, however, exporters have not adjusted the internal productive structure yet, due to the uncertainty of the future, and/or, third, since over 50% of the Brazilian exports is constituted of low technology goods rather than industrial products, which present certain elasticity-income of low exports (Carmo, Higachi and Raiher, 2012), a reduction in the international income should not reduce significantly the demand for such goods, not affecting the Brazilian export structure. It seems that this last factor is the most likely to explain the no significant effect of the exports sales on the employment rate.…”

Spatial concentration of Brazilian exports of manufactured products: a microregional analysis considering technological levels

“…The data used in this study comprise exports of the Brazilian micro regions Following the taxonomy proposed by Carmo et al (2012), exports were classifi ed according to their technological level in manufactured products of high technology (HT), medium technology (MT) and low technology (LT).…”

“…Regarding Brazil, some empirical studies highlight this differentiated effect of external insertion on the economic growth, showing that specialization is an important factor for the economy dynamics (Gallimberti, 2008;Carmo et al, 2012;Gouvêa, 2010).…”