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Abstract

ABSTRACT:This review gives an insight of the scalp conditiondandruff which affects more than 50% of the human population. Malassezia furfur is reported as the main cause of dandruff. This article aims at investigating other causes of dandruff which include microbial and non -microbial factors. These factors have been explained in this article. It also highlights the various treatment options and newer formulations. Various active agents like anti-fungal agents, keratolytic agents and anti -proliferative agents that are used against dandruff, along with their mechanisms of action are covered in this article. Conventional formulations like Shampoos, creams and lotions have their own set of advantages and limitations. To overcome the disadvantages and prolong the release of actives, novel formulations like Liposomes, Niosomes, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Nanolipid carriers and Silver nanoparticles are being developed. Novel delivery systems have been successfully used for pharmaceutical formulations and they can prove to be a promising delivery system for scalp treatment too.

Novel Multifunctional Biosurfactant Obtained from Corn as a Stabilizing Agent for Antidandruff Formulations Based on Zn Pyrithione Powder

“…However, the most useful cosmetic and dermatologic compositions have a lower pH, as the pH of the scalp is stated to be 5.5, whereas for the hair shaft, it is about 3.7. 6 Therefore, it is necessary to prepare shampoo formulations with a pH from 5 to 8. For instance, the use of suitable amines for solubilizing the metal pyrithiones, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, or diglycolamine (among others), has been proven.…”

“…The solubility of the zinc salt in formulations having a pH of about 8 was proved to be around 200 mg/L. However, the most useful cosmetic and dermatologic compositions have a lower pH, as the pH of the scalp is stated to be 5.5, whereas for the hair shaft, it is about 3.7 . Therefore, it is necessary to prepare shampoo formulations with a pH from 5 to 8.…”

“…Among those agents, molecules such as azoles or hydroxypyridones and agents such as piroctone olamine, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, and zinc pyrithione can be found. 2,6,7 Among these compounds, there is no big difference in efficacy. 8,9 However, Zn pyrithione is preferred in terms of the overall performance, improving the appearance and feel of the hair.…”

“…Those antidandruff shampoos contain agents that primarily exhibit an antimicrobial action against the growth of Malassezia species, the organisms responsible for dandruff. Among those agents, molecules such as azoles or hydroxypyridones and agents such as piroctone olamine, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, and zinc pyrithione can be found. ,, Among these compounds, there is no big difference in efficacy. , However, Zn pyrithione is preferred in terms of the overall performance, improving the appearance and feel of the hair . In this regard, Zn pyrithione has been established as an effective antiseborrheic agent.…”

“…In this regard, Zn pyrithione has been established as an effective antiseborrheic agent. It is currently marketed in shampoos and hair dressings at concentration levels of about 0.5 and 2.0%, respectively . It has been successfully included in shampoos due to its strong antibacterial effect and ability to slow down the rapid turnover of epidermal cells, proving its efficacy in many studies and clinical trials. , Moreover, this highly active compound has been listed in the Food and Drug Administration Final Monograph on Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis as a Category I substance, meaning it is generally recognized as a safe and effective drug …”