Novel Multifunctional Biosurfactant Obtained from Corn as a Stabilizing Agent for Antidandruff Formulations Based on Zn Pyrithione Powder

Abstract

The cosmetic industry provides a wide variety of shampoos to treat dandruff, containing insoluble ingredients such as Zn pyrithione. However, the solubility of this active ingredient is quite limited in both water and oil media; thus, antidandruff formulations must include a large amount of chemically synthesized stabilizing ingredients to avoid their precipitation. In this work, the stabilization of Zn pyrithione in O/W emulsions using a biosurfactant (BS) extract and Tween 80 is studied. The study includes an incomplete factorial design based on the tea tree oil/water ratio and both surfactant and biosurfactant concentrations. The formulations are characterized in terms of particle size, stability after 30 days, and solubility of Zn pyrithione. The formulation that provided the most favorable results contains Tween 80 (5%) and BS extract (2.5%), with an O/W ratio of 0.01. This provides the smallest particle size (40.5 μm), good stability after 30 days (91.0%), and the highest solubility of Zn pyrithione (59%). The results obtained enable the use of the combination of BS extract and Tween 80 as bio/surfactants of antidandruff shampoo formulations, along with another antiseptic agent such as tea tree oil. Furthermore, this is the first work where a biosurfactant is considered to be a stabilizing agent in antidandruff formulations.

Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview

“…Recently, López-Prieto et al [113] isolated and characterized the microorganism responsible for the production of microbial biosurfactants in this corn residue, noticing that it is a Bacillus strain with the capacity to generate both extracellular and cell-bound microbial biosurfactants. On the other hand, this microbial biosurfactant has already been tested in hair care [21,114,115] as well as skincare [116][117][118][119] formulations.…”

“…Hair care formulation [21] Rosemary oil/water emulsions [89] Dyed hair care formulation [114] Stabilizing agent for antidandruff formulations based on Zn pyrithione powder [115] Sunscreen formulations based on mica powder [116] Pickering emulsions containing Vitamin E [117] Stabilizing agent of vitamin C [118] Antiacne formulation [119] Antiviral agent [130] Antimicrobial agent in silver plasmonic nanoparticles [131] Nanoemulsions and nanocrystals for dermal application [132] Permeation of pharmaceutical compounds by silicone membranes [133] Antimicrobial agent [134] Glycolipopeptide Rosemary oil/water emulsions [34,35] Cosmetic formulation with antioxidants [91] Bioactivity against skin pathogens (antimicrobial and anti-adhesive agent) [96] Glycolipopeptide/Lipopeptide Rosemary oil/water emulsions [89] Preservative and irritant agent [98] MELs Anti-ageing product [135] Prevent skin roughness [136] Makeup product [137] Antimicrobial agent [138] Oligomeric biosurfactant Conditioning agent for hair products [139] Table 2 shows that microbial biosurfactants have a wide variety of applications in the cosmetic and personal care industry, acting as anti-ageing agents or cleansers, as well as in the pharmaceutical field, where they can be applied to different products owing to their antimicrobial capacity, which means they are regarded as substances with huge potential. Among all microbial biosurfactants used in the cosmetic industry, lipopeptides and glycolipids are the ones selected due to their multifunctional profile, especially based on their physiochemical properties and biological activities [85,140].…”

Evaluation of Multifunctionality in Cosmetics

“…25 . In some other studies functional cosmetics have been developed by using herbal bio surfactants to stabilize, the vitamin C added to creams or the active ingredients in anti-dandruff shampoos 26 . Inoue et al, have designed a multifunctional cosmetic product by taking advantage of the moisturizing and whitening effects of water-soluble elastin 27 .…”

A Sebum-Mimetic Lipid Monolayer and Its Interaction with (Bio)Surfactants

“…To minimize the damage while maintaining a maximum dirt removal efficacy, formulators often replace part of the ionic surfactants with less aggressive ones (e.g., by admixing the amphoteric cocamidopropyl betaine with the anionic SLS/SLES). An alternative solution consists of searching for natural-derived or natural surfactants with the hope of finding more sustainable and biocompatible replacements of the fully-synthetic counterparts [8][9][10][11][12]. Among the natural surfactants (biosurfactants), those of plant origin seem to be especially promising because of relatively easy purification and little consumer concern (much lower than, e.g., for biosurfactants from microbial origin).…”