P3.272 Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Ureaplasma Urealyticum in Pregnant Women of Sabzevar - Iran

Abstract

Objectives Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health problem worldwide. Slovenia is among the countries with highest prevalence of decreased susceptibility and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) in Europe. Herein, the phenotypic and molecular characterization of Slovenian N. gonorrhoeae strains from 2008-2012 is presented. Methods N. gonorrhoeae isolates cultured [2008][2009][2010][2011][2012] in Slovenia (n = 138) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility with Etest methodology for 8 antimicrobials (cefixime, ceftriaxone, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin and spectinomycin). Furthermore, all isolates were investigated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) for molecular epidemiology, and sequencing of major ESC resistance determinants; penA, mtrR and penB. Results The overall prevalence of resistance and decreased susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone (MIC≥ 0.125 mg/L) was 16% and 7%, respectively. The resistance and decreased susceptibility showed an epidemic peak during 2009-2011 when it reached 28% for cefixime and 12% for ceftriaxone, however, the prevalence subsequently decreased to 6% and 4%, respectively, in the year 2012. NG-MAST sequence types 1407 (13% of all isolates), 21 (8%) and 225 (6%) were the most common STs during 2008-2012. ST1407, previously stated as an internationally spread successful clone with resistance or decreased susceptibility to ESCs, was most prevalent in 2009 (43%). However, the ST1407 prevalence declined in 2010 (15%) and 2011 (11%) and the clone was rare in 2012 (4%). Instead, in 2012 the ESC susceptible ST21 was the predominant ST (21%). During 2008-2012, a penA mosaic allele (mainly penA XXXIV, associated with ST1407) was detected in 25% of isolates. Conclusion The prevalence of gonococcal resistance to ESC in Slovenia has fluctuated, which is mainly due to the longitudinal prevalence of a few gonococcal clones. Fortunately, some ESC susceptible clones, such as ST21, now appear to replace the main ESC resistant clone ST1407, a replacement that is indicated in several European countries. pharyngeal swab on two visits, and had not been treated for this infection at first visit. Methods From 1/1/2008 to 14/7/2010, pharyngeal swabs from patients at risk for pharyngeal gonorrhoea were tested with the AC2 (Hologic-GenProbe) test. Since at that time PCt detection was not considered to represent an infection, PCt results were not reported and patients were not treated, unless they had a chlamydial infection at another anatomic site. We looked for patients who had a positive PCt test on two different occasions with an interval of at least 3 weeks. For inclusion in the study, patients were required to have no Chlamydia infections at other anatomic locations at first visit and therefore received no treatment. PCt typing was done by MLST on stored specimens. Results Sixteen patients could be included and paired pharyngeal samples from four of those patients contain...

Transmission Rates of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections from Pregnant Women to Newborns, Tehran, Iran

“…The prevalence estimate of genital N. gonorrhoeae infection in the present study (1.6%) was comparable to the recently reported prevalence of 1.3% and 1.2% among pregnant women of Shiraz and Sabzevar (North-East of Iran) cities (21,22). However, no neonates with ocular N. gonorrhoeae infection were identified in this study.…”

Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum Isolated From Vaginal Samples of Women in Kerman, Iran

“…In pregnant women, the prevalence of C. trachomatis has been reported from 1% in Saudi Arabia to 13.6% in Iraq (23)(24)(25)(26). In Iran, the isolation of C. trachomatis from various regions was reported to range from 2.9% to 13.7% (8,(27)(28)(29). The frequency of C. trachomatis in this study was 10.52%, which is in line with the reported range of isolation from our country.…”

“…In Iran, the isolation frequency of C. trachomatis was reported to be up to 23% in pregnant women (7,8) and about 11% -13% in women with abortion (7)(8)(9). Among other causative agents of STDs, there are Mycoplasma spp.…”

Sexually transmitted infections in Iran: A literature review

“…These studies reported a prevalence of 9.3% to 34.71% for chlamydia infection (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). A study on 196 pregnant women attending maternal hospitals in Central Iran revealed a prevalence of 14.79% for chlamydia infection (22). The global estimate for the prevalence of chlamydia among women in 2005 reported by the WHO was 3.53% (23).…”