Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum Isolated From Vaginal Samples of Women in Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum are genital infectious agents that can be sexually transmitted. They are involved in many infections both in women and men and can also be the cause of abortion in women. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the aforementioned bacteria in pregnant women and those with abortion in Kerman, southeast of Iran. Totally, 200 vaginal specimens were taken from pregnant women (n = 76) and those with abortion (n = 124) and were investigated for chlamydial and mycoplasmal infections using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Methods: From December 2015 to December 2016, 200 women were enrolled in this study. Demographic and behavioral information were gathered for statistical analysis. The prevalence of bacteria was determined in the vaginal samples by PCR. Results: All the studied bacteria were more frequently isolated from women with abortion, that is, 34.6% versus 15.7% for U. urealyticum, 20.9% versus 17.1% for M. genitalium, and 15.3% versus 10.5% for C. trachomatis. However, only for U. urealyticum the difference was significant (P = 0.0006). Again, occurrence of co-infection was mostly detected in women with abortion, and co-infection of U. urealyticum and M. genitalium was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.03). Also, follow-up studies indicated the importance of U. urealyticum in adverse outcomes of pregnancy in this region. Thus, special attention should be paid to this infection during pregnancy. Conclusions: The present study showed a significantly high prevalence of U. urealyticum in women with abortion separately and also in combination with M. genitalium. Diagnostic tests are recommended to detect these bacteria in high-risk women.

Molecular Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

“…10.5 percent. 15 However, our frequency was higher than reported in Sri Lanka, 17.1% respectively. 16 We could not find any similar study or published data from our country to compare results.…”

Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

“…Mohammed et al (2017) 90 Goshayeshi et al (2015) 58 Sisakht et al (2017) 76 Awwad et al (2003) 95 Bagheri et al (2018) 53 Safdari et al (2015) 74 Zahirnia et al (2018) 78 Mosbah and Nabiel (2016) 43 Mosbah and Nabiel (2016) 43 Nada et al (2015) 45 Mousavi et al (2014) 69 El−Sayed et al (2002) 42 Ahmadi et al (2016a) 48 Joolayi et al (2017) 62 Al-Thani (2013) 110 As'ad (2004) 94 Awad et al (2013) 112 Al-Ramahi et al (2008) 93 Mahafzah et al (2008) 96 Marashi et al (2014) 66 Javanmard et al (2018) 61 Jordan Ministry of Health (2004) 97 Al-Thani (2013) 110 Rashidi et al (2013) 71 Pourabbas et al (2018) 70 Dehghan et al (2017) 57 The Middle East and North Africa HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Synthesis Project (2017) 105 with miscarriage and in pregnant women-similar to that found in pregnant women in lowincome and middle income countries elsewhere. [213][214][215][216][217] This stigmatised and largely asymptomatic infection might not be visible to the public eye, but its reproductive health sequelae are visible, even if not explicitly linked to the underlying cause.…”