Oxytocin response in a trust game and habituation of arousal

Kéri, Szabolcs; Kiss, Imre

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.011

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Results are shown (Table 1) of an analysis of the within-subject difference in cardiovascular measures averaged (quasi-integrated) across two higher arousal conditions compared to those averaged (quasi-integrated) across two lower arousal conditions detected in each of these two sessions by the similar direction of RP changes during each session as a measure of difference in a general cardiovascular arousal between conditions. In accordance with these preliminary findings, our methodological conceptualisation 3 and previous research (Freeman et al, 2011;Kéri and Kiss, 2011;York et al, 2007;Uchino et al, 1999Uchino et al, , 2005Treiber et al, 2003) the four BP and HR measurements from the two (interview-and posture-related) sessions were crossaveraged within each subject and assigned to two groups according to the pre-conditioned stressfulness of the situations: either (i) to evoke higher sympathetic arousal, confirmed by higher RP (the cardiovascular reading in the standing posture [physical challenge] and the reading before interview [psychological challenge]) or (ii) to induce lower sympathetic arousal, confirmed by lower RP (readings in the lying posture and after interview). This within-subject averaging across two different low arousal conditions and across two different high arousal conditions was assumed to better represent a general 'reactivity' or general 'stress tolerance' phenotype (York et al, 2007;Ottaviani et al, 2008;Davydov et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 89%

Depressed mood and blood pressure: The moderating effect of situation-specific arousal levels

Davydov

Stewart

Ritchie

et al. 2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Cardiovascular Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 89%

Depressed mood and blood pressure: The moderating effect of situation-specific arousal levels

Davydov

Stewart

Ritchie

et al. 2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…In those designs all participants inhaled a product whose nature was unknown to them: half of them (the control) inhaled an innocuous substance and the other half (the treatment) inhaled a dose of oxytocin. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the transfers of the two groups, being higher in the treatment (Baumgartner et al, 2008;Fehr et al, 2005;Kéri and Kiss, 2011;Kosfeld et al, 2005;Van Ijzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2012). Now let's say that the same subject 2 who decided to transfer 50% of his money in the classic game (equivalent to the control condition in the oxytocin experiment) decides to transfer 70% to his opponent when subjected to the inhalation of the hormone.…”

Section: How We Make Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reasons and biological causes. Some reflections on Boudon’s Theory of Ordinary Rationality

Medina¹

2014

PapRevSoc

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In his effort to provide sociology with a theory of behavior for the microfoundation of social phenomena, Raymond Boudon searched for a theory that could be presented as general (i.e., a theory that, given its strength, can be used "by default" in explanations). In this search, Boudon disregarded biological causes and stated that his Theory of Ordinary Rationality was the best choice, since it offers final explanations: when a behavior is explained as a result of beliefs that are grounded on good reasons, we are offering a black-box-free explanation. In this paper, I shall state that there are serious problems in the arguments that Boudon used to dismiss the explanatory strategy based on "biological causes". Secondly, I shall point out that some recent findings of several behavioral sciences constitute a radical questioning of the value of his Theory of Ordinary Rationality, as well as a positive revaluation of Evolutionary Psychology. In light of these findings, we can state that on many occasions, either reasons are systematically biased by biological causes, or these causes cause behavior, thus reasons are mere rationalizations. Therefore, neither the reason-based explanatory strategy nor the biological causes-based explanatory strategy can be used "by default". Given the current state of our knowledge, Evolutionary Psychology cannot stand as a general theory of behavior but is better placed to do the job in the future: it will depend on its ability to build models that integrate reasons and biological causes. Keywords: rationality; rationalism; reasons; evolutionary psychology; adapted mechanisms; biological causes; Raymond Boudon. Resumen. Razones y causas biológicas. Algunas reflexiones sobre la teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria de Boudon.En su esfuerzo por proveer a la sociología de una teoría del comportamiento con la que microfundamentar los fenómenos sociales, Raymond Boudon buscó una teoría que pudiese presentarse como general (es decir, una teoría que, dada su fortaleza, pudiera usarse «por defecto» en las explicaciones). En esta búsqueda, Boudon desconsideró las causas biológicas y defendió que su teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria era la mejor elección, pues ofrecía explicaciones finales: cuando una conducta se explica como resultado de creencias que están bien fundamentadas en buenas razones, estamos ofreciendo una explicación libre de «cajas negras». En este artículo, sostendré que existen serios problemas en los argumentos que usó Boudon para descartar la estrategia explicativa basada en las causas biológicas. En segundo lugar, señalaré que algunos hallazgos recientes de varias ciencias del comportamiento suponen un cuestionamiento radical del valor de su teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria así como una reevaluación positiva de la psicología evolucionista. A la luz de estos hallazgos, podemos sostener que, en muchas ocasiones, o bien las razones están sistemáticamente sesgadas por causas biológicas, o bien esas causas causan directamente la conducta, por lo que entonces las razones s...

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“…Oxytocin has been implicated in other mechanisms of arousal [63,64]. The decrease in lung atelectasis during yawning further prepares a yawning subject to take "fight-or-flight" action.…”

Section: Arousal Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is yawning a tool for wakefulness or for sleep?

Arbuck¹

2013

OJPsych

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Numerous theories as to why we yawn have been advanced, but yawning appears to be a complex phenomenon that is difficult to study. The physiology of yawning with its sharp chest inhalation, along with its contagious nature, can be explained by an arousal theory, that is, yawning promotes vigilance and alertness within a group that overrides a drive to sleep. Other theories of yawning, such as brain thermoregulation, are not necessarily excluded by the arousal theory but may be the results of yawning rather than its cause.

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Oxytocin response in a trust game and habituation of arousal

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Depressed mood and blood pressure: The moderating effect of situation-specific arousal levels

Depressed mood and blood pressure: The moderating effect of situation-specific arousal levels

Reasons and biological causes. Some reflections on Boudon’s Theory of Ordinary Rationality

Is yawning a tool for wakefulness or for sleep?

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