Oxidized low density lipoprotein, stem cells, and atherosclerosis

Abstract

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), a risk factor of atherosclerosis, facilitates the formation and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque, thus contributing to several clinical complications. Stem cells participate in vascular repair after damage and atherosclerosis is a process of inflammation accompanied with vascular injury. Researchers have proposed that stem cells participate in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Also, because ox-LDL is capable of inducing toxic effects on stem cells, it is reasonable to postulate that ox-LDL promotes the progress of atherosclerosis via acting on stem cells. In the present article, we review the relationship between ox-LDL, stem cells, and atherosclerosis and a portion of the associated mechanisms.

Octanoylated ghrelin attenuates angiogenesis induced by oxLDL in human coronary artery endothelial cells via the GHSR1a-mediated NF-κB pathway

“…OxLDL is an important inducing factor for inflammation [53] and facilitates the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques [54].…”

Role of oxidative stress and serum lipid levels in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…10,11 Additionally, ox-LDL can induce atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression, matrix degradation, endothelial cell apoptosis, and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, mediating the degradation of protein components of the extracellular matrix and of basement membranes in target cells. 10,12 There exists an excessively abundant number of ROS radicals, such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, and semiquinone radicals, and RNS radicals, such as nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, which include phenols and quinines. However, separately measuring different oxidant species is time consuming, costly, and impractical, and because their oxidant effects are additive, evaluation of total oxidant status (TOS) is therefore more practical.…”

Baccaurea angulata fruit inhibits lipid peroxidation and induces the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities

“…The ability of B. angulata to protect LDL from oxidative modification may partially be attributed to the antiradical activities of phenolic compounds known to act as powerful chain-breaking antioxidants and free radical scavengers [33]. It is widely believed that oxidative modification of LDL is closely related to atherosclerotic processes [34]. These results suggest that B. angulata may protect against the development of CVD by preventing the elevation of plasma MDA.…”