Oxides of nitrogen emissions from turbulent jet flames: Part II—Fuel dilution and partial premixing effects

Turns, Stephen R.; Myhr, Franklin H.; Bandaru, Ramarao V.; Maund, Ehren R.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(93)90107-e

Cited by 83 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the reduced air entrainment required for diluting the fuel to stoichiometric proportions. A similar result was stated in previous research [30], which measured the flame length for the fuel added with various quantities of air before combustion. Here, considering the primary air in the present experiment as the premixing air of [30], although the primary air does not mix with the fuel entirely as premixing air due to a short mixing distance, then from a qualitative level, the effect of both on flame length is analogous.…”

Section: Effects Of Combustor Pressuresupporting

confidence: 72%

“…A similar result was stated in previous research [30], which measured the flame length for the fuel added with various quantities of air before combustion. Here, considering the primary air in the present experiment as the premixing air of [30], although the primary air does not mix with the fuel entirely as premixing air due to a short mixing distance, then from a qualitative level, the effect of both on flame length is analogous. CFD simulation predicted the diminishing trend of L f correctly with a nearly equivalent slope, despite some discrepancies in values.…”

Section: Effects Of Combustor Pressuresupporting

confidence: 72%

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An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

et al. 2018

Energies

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Flame shape and size for a high-pressure turbulent non-premixed swirl combustion were experimentally investigated over a wide range of varying parameters including fuel mass flow rate, combustor pressure, primary-air mass flow rate, and nozzle exit velocity. A CFD simulation was conducted to predict the flame profile. Meanwhile, a theoretical calculation was also performed to estimate flame length. It was observed that flame length increased linearly with increasing fuel mass flow rate but decreased with the increment of combustor pressure in the power function. The flame diminished at a larger primary-air mass flow rate but remained unaffected by the increasing nozzle exit velocity. Considering the global effect of all parameters at a particular pressure, the flame length generally decreased as the primary-air to fuel ratio increased. This was attributed to the reduced air entrainment required to dilute the fuel to stoichiometric proportions. The CFD simulation offered a good prediction of the variation trends of flame length, although some deviations from experimental values were observed. The theoretical calculation estimated the trends of flame length variation particularly well. Nevertheless the difference between the theoretical and experimental results was found to be due to the swirl influence. Hence, a swirl factor was proposed to be added to the original equation for swirl flames.

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Section: Effects Of Combustor Pressuresupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Effects Of Combustor Pressuresupporting

confidence: 72%

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…Attempts have been made to create simple burner scaling criteria approximations 12,13) based on numerous experiments for laminar and turbulent jet combustion. 12,[14][15][16] However, the correlations obtained describe experimental data with greater deviation than initial experimental data and are far from being universal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Mathematical Modeling and Validation Study of NOx Emissions in Metal Processing Systems.

Malikov¹,

Lisienko²,

Malikov³

et al. 2002

ISIJ International

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The model is based on separate calculations of prompt and thermal NO x and is accomplished using CFD code for flow, temperature and concentration fields in the combustion system. Thermal NO x is calculated with the Zeldovich model. The prompt NO x is considered to be independent of residence time and is computed with detailed kinetic data based GRI-Mech version 2.11 and CHEMKIN code by assuming that every computational cell is a perfectly stirred reactor. Three main parameters are considered to be critical in NO x production: 1) air equivalence ratio, 2) temperature, and 3) mixture dilution with combustion products. All of these parameters and methane oxidation reaction rates are readily available in every cell of the CFD domain. Once NO x emission index is computed by GRI-Mech in every cell, NO x reaction rate is easily evaluated by multiplying it with the methane oxidation reaction rate. The NO x concentration field is then calculated using known CFD transport parameters. Comparison of model predictions with measurements is made for a wide range of industrial natural gas-fired burners installed in combustion chambers and furnaces. The flame temperatures were in the range of 1 400-2 100 K, velocities were in the range of 10-200 m/s, burner nozzles were in the range of diameters 5-550 mm, and the combustion chamber or furnace internal equivalent size in the range of 0.05-3.5 m. Good agreement has been obtained in most cases.

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“…NO formation in partially premixed flames has received significant attention in the combustion literature [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] in the past decade. Several studies, in both co-flow and counterflow configurations, encompassing laminar as well as turbulent flow regimes have been reported in the literature for a variety of fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO formation in counterflow partially premixed flames

Mungekar

Atreya

2007

Combustion and Flame

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Oxides of nitrogen emissions from turbulent jet flames: Part II—Fuel dilution and partial premixing effects

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

A Mathematical Modeling and Validation Study of NOx Emissions in Metal Processing Systems.

NO formation in counterflow partially premixed flames

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