Oxidative Stress Is Differentially Present in Multiple Sclerosis Courses, Early Evident, and Unrelated to Treatment

Abstract

Background. Oxidative stress is well documented in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, but its correspondence at peripheral level is still controversial. Objective. To evaluate peripheral oxidative stress markers in MS patients. Methods. We studied total blood levels of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-oxidized-low-density lipoproteins (anti-oxLDL) antibodies, and antioxidant power (PAO) in 87 patients with different MS clinical phenotypes and in 77 controls. Results. CoQ10 was lower whereas anti-oxLDL antibodies titer was higher in MS patients than in controls. The benign variant of MS displayed both higher CoQ10 and higher anti-oxLDL than other MS clinical variants. Female patients had lower CoQ10 and PAO and higher ROS than male patients. Differences were greater in younger patients with shorter disease duration. Surprisingly, there was no difference for these markers between treated and untreated patients. Conclusion. We found lower antioxidant agents and higher anti-oxLDL antibodies in MS, and the highest antibody titers occurred in the benign form. We suggest that natural anti-oxLDL antibodies can be protective against MS, saving blood brain barrier integrity. Our findings also suggest that milder MS is associated with a distinct oxidative stress pattern, which may provide a useful biomarker of disease prognosis.

Angiogenesis in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

“…One of the most consistent differences in gene expression between secondary progressive (SP-MS) patients and healthy controls was enhancement of HIF-1α and its downstream components [58]. In this specific inflammatory condition, the increased effort of HIF-1α and VEGF promoting angiogenesis/arteriogenesis and normalizing oxygen levels to maintain oligodendrocyte and neuron functions could be counterbalanced by other molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) [173][174][175], nitric oxide intermediates and peroxynitrite (RNS) [176]. These molecules could be responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction [173], distal oligodendropathy [177], apoptotic-like cell death and axonal injury [178].…”

Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

“…One study [102] comparing 77 healthy controls to 87 patients with MS, however, reported no significant difference; the MS patients were however in clinical remission. Conversely, another study [103] compared 13 MS patients to 15 controls, and found significantly lower MDA in the MS group.…”

Nanomedicine in Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders: A Present and Future Prospective

“…192 Modification of myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) triggers lesions in white matter 192 that causes MS. Advanced stage of MS causes demyelination and tissue damage due to oxidative stress are found higher in the patients. 193 Ultra sized cerium oxide nanoparticles declines oxidative stress and alleviates motor deficits in MS brain.…”