Oxidative stress and level of antioxidant enzymes in drug-naive schizophrenics

Reyazuddin, Mohammed; Azmi, Sarfuddin; Islam, Najmul; Rizvi, Abid

doi:10.4103/0019-5545.146516

Cited by 41 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The decreasing expression level of Nrf2 will cause a reduction in endogenous antioxidants and enhance ROS production. As a result, high ROS levels cause tissue damage and worsen the condition of hyperglycemia [18]. In this study, the increase of Nrf2 after MzE administration has shown the ability of MzE compounds to increase the activation of Nrf2 expression (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The decreased SOD expression is one of the markers of diabetes and various complication of diabetes [21]. The decreasing expression of SOD activity leads to increased ROS in the body, such as superoxide and other hydroperoxides that cause oxidative stress [18]. Based on that case, SOD should be enhanced to prevent oxidative stress and complications effect from diabetes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Activity of Unripe Sapodilla Fruit Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) through Nrf2 and SOD Expression in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Sari

Samoedra²,

Pratama³

et al. 2023

J.Trop.Life.Science

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This research aims to analyze the effect of unripe sapodilla fruit extract on endogenous antioxidant expression in T1DM BALB/c mice and its free radical scavenging activity. Manilkara zapota extract (MzE) is an aqueous extract of unripe sapodilla fruit and was obtained by maceration and freeze-drying process. This study used 25 male BALB/c mice with 7-weeks-old of age. They were divided randomly into five groups (n=5) before treatment. A single high dose (145 mg/kg BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MzE was given orally once each day for 14 days. Liver cells were isolated and immunoassay with anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2), and then the results were analyzed by flow cytometry. Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was performed to analyze free radical scavenging. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The result showed that the glucose levels in diabetic mice after MzE administration were significantly lower than in the DM group. MzE treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and SOD in diabetic mice. MzE could scavenge DPPH with the IC50 value obtained at 48.35 μg/mL, while ascorbic acid as a control could scavenge DPPH with the IC50 value at 22.24 μg/mL. The increase in the scavenging activity is in line with the increase in extract concentration. In conclusion, this study revealed that MzE can be an endogenous antioxidant enhancer by improving the expression of Nrf-2, SOD and can inhibit free radicals as an exogenous antioxidant in T1DM

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity of Unripe Sapodilla Fruit Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) through Nrf2 and SOD Expression in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Sari

Samoedra²,

Pratama³

et al. 2023

J.Trop.Life.Science

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“…are consistent with those of other studies performed on both treated and chronic schizophrenia patients, 18 as well as in studies performed on treatment-naive schizophrenia patients. 34 It is important to emphasize the efficacy of follow-up and of antipsychotic treatment that rendered the patient groups homogenous. A prior study has reported that these drugs contribute to improved cognitive behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note the major role that CAT, SOD, GSH, and GPx play in protecting the brain against ROS toxicity. 34,45 However, many factors contribute to the inconsistency of the results presented in the literature, including analysis techniques, the biological samples used, exposure to antipsychotic treatment, and stage of disease, all of which make it difficult to make comparisons between studies. Furthermore, ethnicity, lifestyle, and diet are all likely to produce discrepencies, 38 as are genetic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress biomarkers in treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients

Buosi¹,

Borghi²,

Lopes³

et al. 2021

Trends Psychiatry Psychother

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Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects approximately twenty million people worldwide. Various factors have been associated with the physiopathology of this disease such as oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant molecules. Objective: This study evaluated the association between biomarkers of oxidative stress and response to pharmacological treatment among patients with schizophrenia in the context of their clinical information, demographic data, and lifestyle. Methods: A total of 89 subjects were included, 26 of whom were treatment-responsive schizophrenia patients (Group 1), 27 treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients (Group 2), and 36 healthy controls (Group 3). All of the subjects completed a questionnaire to provide clinical and demographic data, and all provided peripheral blood samples. The oxidative stress markers analyzed using spectrophotometry were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (GSH-t), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC; p < 0.05).Results: When all schizophrenia patients (G1 + G2) were compared to the control group, SOD levels were found to be lower among schizophrenia patients (p < 0.0001), while MDA and CAT levels were higher (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0191, respectively). GPx, GSH-t, and TEAC levels were similar in all three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Lower SOD levels and higher MDA and CAT levels indicate oxidative damage in schizophrenia patients, regardless of their response to pharmacological treatment. Smoking is associated with oxidative stress, in addition, a family history of the disease was also found to be correlated with cases of schizophrenia, which reflects the relevance of genetics in disease development.

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