Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects approximately twenty million people worldwide. Various factors have been associated with the physiopathology of this disease such as oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant molecules. Objective: This study evaluated the association between biomarkers of oxidative stress and response to pharmacological treatment among patients with schizophrenia in the context of their clinical information, demographic data, and lifestyle. Methods: A total of 89 subjects were included, 26 of whom were treatment-responsive schizophrenia patients (Group 1), 27 treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients (Group 2), and 36 healthy controls (Group 3). All of the subjects completed a questionnaire to provide clinical and demographic data, and all provided peripheral blood samples. The oxidative stress markers analyzed using spectrophotometry were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (GSH-t), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC; p < 0.05).Results: When all schizophrenia patients (G1 + G2) were compared to the control group, SOD levels were found to be lower among schizophrenia patients (p < 0.0001), while MDA and CAT levels were higher (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0191, respectively). GPx, GSH-t, and TEAC levels were similar in all three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Lower SOD levels and higher MDA and CAT levels indicate oxidative damage in schizophrenia patients, regardless of their response to pharmacological treatment. Smoking is associated with oxidative stress, in addition, a family history of the disease was also found to be correlated with cases of schizophrenia, which reflects the relevance of genetics in disease development.
We evaluated the association of glutathione Stransferase polymorphisms (GSTT1 and GSTM1) and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 162 subjects were studied: 53 had schizophrenia (Total Study Group-TSG), and 109 without the disorder (Total Control Group-TCG). To analyze oxidative stress, TSG was distributed into treatment-responsive schizophrenia (N = 26) and treatment-resistant (N = 27) versus
Objetivos A esquizofrenia está associada a alto grau de incapacidade e importantes déficits neuropsicológicos, sociais e vocacionais. Pesquisas têm sido realizadas com o objetivo de identificar fatores preditivos para refratariedade, a fim de melhorar o tratamento e a qualidade de vida do paciente com esquizofrenia. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a frequência de pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária acompanhados em serviço terciário, estabelecer o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico e analisar possíveis fatores associados à refratariedade clínica. Métodos Sessenta e oito pacientes com esquizofrenia foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 36 refratários ao tratamento (52,9%). Os dados clínicos e sociodemográficos de ambos os grupos foram coletados, analisados e comparados. Um modelo de regressão logística foi elaborado com o objetivo de analisar possíveis fatores associados à refratariedade clínica. Resultados Entre o grupo refratário, houve maior frequência do sexo masculino (p = 0,03), número de antipsicóticos em uso (p < 0,01), internações ao longo da vida (p < 0,01) e de polifarmácia (p < 0,01). Escolaridade, estado civil, história familiar de esquizofrenia e uso de substâncias não foram confirmados como associados à refratariedade. Observou-se atraso temporal entre o estabelecimento da refratariedade clínica e a introdução da clozapina, indicado como o melhor antipsicótico para o tratamento de esquizofrenia refratária. Conclusão É importante e necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas a fim de investigar possíveis fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos preditores de refratariedade em pacientes com esquizofrenia, objetivando o início mais precoce de ações terapêuticas.
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