2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.06.005
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Oxidative imbalance in bipolar disorder subtypes: A comparative study

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Cited by 113 publications
(96 citation statements)
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“…A body of clinical evidence indicates that depression is characterized by a higher oxidant status. In fact, total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were increased in depressed patients as compared to normal controls in plasma [3,4] and serum [5,6]. Some studies demonstrated higher levels of plasma peroxides [7] and serum nitric oxide (NO) [5,6,[8][9][10] in depressed patients, while Ozcan and co-workers reported lowered levels of NO in depressed patients in the pre-treatment period [11].…”
Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A body of clinical evidence indicates that depression is characterized by a higher oxidant status. In fact, total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were increased in depressed patients as compared to normal controls in plasma [3,4] and serum [5,6]. Some studies demonstrated higher levels of plasma peroxides [7] and serum nitric oxide (NO) [5,6,[8][9][10] in depressed patients, while Ozcan and co-workers reported lowered levels of NO in depressed patients in the pre-treatment period [11].…”
Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are several lines of evidence indicating that antioxidant mechanisms are disturbed during depression, namely total antioxidant capacity (TAC) [3,4,6,29], non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules [glutathione (GSH) [30], coenzyme Q10 [31], alpha-tocopherol [32] and ascorbic acid [14]] fall, while enzymatic antioxidants, like glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) [11,30], catalase (CAT) [5,11], and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [5,6,8,10] show a trend to fall in depressed patients. This conclusion appears to be questioned by some reports, which indicated a rise of activities of glutathione reductase (GSH-R) [25,30] and GSH-S-transferase [25] in the late stage of the illness, without alteration in GSH-Px activity [3,25].…”
Section: Psychiatric Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To perform the calculation, the unit of TAS, mmol Trolox equivalent/L, was converted to µmol Trolox equivalent/L, and OSI was calculated as follows: OSI = [(TOS, µmol H2O2 equivalent/L)/(TAS, µmol Trolox equivalent/L) × 100] (13). We used OSI as another indicator of oxidative stress.…”
Section: Calculation Of Oxidative Stress Index (Osi)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 Repeated injections of d-amphetamine (d-AMPH) induced hyperactivity in animals 8 by elevating extracellular dopamine, and it has been suggested as a relevant animal model of mania. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] There is an emerging body of data suggesting that BD is associated with decreased neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF and NT-3), 18,19 an increased oxidative 20,21 and DNA damage. 22 The group that is leading the INCT-TM has proposed a new animal model of mania, focusing on both acute and prophylactic treatments.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%