Oxidative stress as an etiological factor and a potential treatment target of psychiatric disorders. Part 2. Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism

Abstract

The pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism, is far from being fully elucidated. In recent years, a potential role of the oxidative stress has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. A body of clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that psychiatric diseases are characterized by higher levels of oxidative biomarkers and with lower levels of antioxidant defense biomarkers in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this article, we review current knowledge on the role of the oxidative stress in psychiatric diseases, based on clinical trials and animal studies, in addition, we analyze the effects of drug-induced modulation of oxidative balance and explore pharmacotherapeutic strategies for oxidative stress reduction.

Influence of A-21T and C-262T genetic polymorphisms at the promoter region of the catalase (CAT) on gene expression

“…It has been shown that oxidative stress significantly associated with several multifactorial traits [26][27][28]. Catalase catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water it is potentially important in etiology of several complex diseases.…”

Autism genes are selectively targeted by environmental pollutants including pesticides, heavy metals, bisphenol A, phthalates and many others in food, cosmetics or household products

“…These are grouped by general function in Fig 9. They include compounds related to oxidative stress and folate/methionine/homocysteine metabolism which play key roles in autism [192][193][194][195] as do cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism [196][197][198][199] or inflammation [200][201][202][203]..…”

Histogenous Hypoxia in Depression: A Cross-Sectional Paired Study into Venous Blood Gases in Outpatients with Depression

“…A recent meta-analysis that pooled data from studies with different oxidative stress markers suggested that oxidative stress is increased and antioxidant defenses are decreased in depression [5]. In another review, it was indicated that depression is characterized by higher levels of oxidative biomarkers and lower levels of antioxidant defense biomarkers [6]. So, Michel and colleagues considered that the hypothesis of oxidative stress represented a novel explanation for the etiology of depression [7].…”