Oxidation of pharmaceuticals by chlorine dioxide in biologically treated wastewater

Hey, Gerly; Grabic, Roman; Ledin, Anna; Jansen, Jes la Cour; Andersen, Henrik Rasmus

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.093

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is also noted to be highly resistant to biodegradation and thus highly recalcitrant under standard biological wastewater treatment conditions (Clara et al, 2005;Kosjek et al, 2009, Falås et al, 2012. Under these circumstances, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) may offer additional treatment value (von Gunten, 2003;Huber et al, 2005;Macova et al, 2010;Kosjek et al, 2011, Hey et al, 2012Keen et al, 2012), however complete oxidation and mineralisation is not always achievable and stable transformation products formed during AOPs may also pose environmental risks (Aguerra et al (2005). The stability and ecotoxicity of transformation products formed during treatment and environmental transport are of major importance when assessing the suitability of water treatment options and in determining environmental risks associated with APIs in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity of carbamazepine and its UV photolysis transformation products

Donner

Kosjek

Qualmann

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

167

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Carbamazepine, an anti-epileptic pharmaceutical agent commonly found in wastewater, is highly recalcitrant to standard wastewater treatment practices. This study investigated the mixture toxicity of carbamazepine transformation products formed during UV photolysis using three standard ecotoxicity assays (representing bacteria, algae and crustaceans). UV-treatment of 6 mg L -1 carbamazepine solution was carried out over a 120 min period and samples were removed periodically over the course of the experiment. Quantification results confirmed the degradation of carbamazepine throughout the treatment period, together with concurrent increases in acridine and acridone concentrations. Ecotoxicity was shown to increase in parallel with carbamazepine degradation indicating that the mixture of degradation products formed was more toxic than the parent compound. In fact, ecotoxicity was still greater than 60 % for all three endpoints even when the carbamazepine concentration had decreased to < 1 % of the starting concentration, and acridine and acridone had decreased to < 10 % of their maximum measured concentrations. Single compound toxicity testing also confirmed the higher toxicity of measured degradation products relative to the parent compound. These results show that transformation products considerably more toxic than carbamazepine itself are likely to be produced during UV treatment of wastewater effluents and/or photo-induced degradation of carbamazepine in natural waters. This study highlights the need to consider mixture toxicity and the formation and persistence of toxicologically relevant transformation products when assessing the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity of carbamazepine and its UV photolysis transformation products

Donner

Kosjek

Qualmann

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

167

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“…Além disso, ao contrário do cloro aquoso (HOCl/ ClO -), seu poder de desinfecção não é influenciado pelo pH do meio ou pela presença de amônia, não sendo também capaz de oxidar o brometo com consequente geração de bromo (HOIGNÉ e BADER, 1994;HEY et al, 2012).…”

Section: Dióxido De Clorounclassified

Avanços Tecnológicos No Tratamento De Águas De Mananciais

Velosa¹

2015

RHE

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RESUMOA qualidade da água para consumo humano é decorrente da qualidade dos reservatórios que a mantém e também da qualidade do tratamento (químico e/ou físico) dado a ela, antes de sua distribuição à população. Água de má qualidade pode causar danos à saúde aumentando, por exemplo, a incidência de mortalidade infantil em regiões sem saneamento básico. Diversos processos físicos e químicos estão disponíveis no mercado para o tratamento da água e visam a retirada tanto de seres patógenos, bactérias e vírus, como dos chamados "contaminantes emergentes" que, embora ocorram em baixas concentrações, envolvem períodos de exposição prolongados. Estes podem vir a causar problemas de saúde como alterações hormonais, por exemplo. Neste trabalho são relatados os resultados de algumas das novas tecnologias de tratamento aplicadas em estações de tratamento de água ao redor do mundo. Palavras-chave: Tratamento de água. Contaminantes emergentes. Ozônio. Ferrato. Dióxido de cloro. ABSTRACTThe quality of drinking water depends on the quality of the reservoirs and also on the quality of treatment (chemical and / or physical) it takes prior to distribution to the population. Poor water quality can cause damage to health -increasing the incidence of infant mortality in regions without sanitation, for example. Several physical and chemical processes are commercially available for water treatment. These processes aim pathogens removal, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as the so-called "emerging contaminants" removal, that in spite of occurring at very low concentrations in natural waters, involve prolonged human exposure becoming a health concern. New technologies have been developed in order to enhance the quality of drinking water and have been applied to different drinking water treatment plants around the world. The results of some technologies are discussed here.

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“…A few publications discuss the oxidizability of a broad range of drugs with chlorine dioxide in real water matrixes, from groundwater to effluent wastewater [82,86,87]. As a short summary, the conclusions of those works are that estrogen hormones, several antibiotic classes and phenazone analgesics are easily transformed with ClO 2 .…”

Section: Chlorine Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%