Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants upon Reaction with Conventional Water Disinfection Oxidants

Quintana, José Benito; Rodil, Rosario; Rodrı́guez, I.

doi:10.1002/9781118339558.ch04

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(338 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Addition of potassium bromide speed up the removal of LOS in both matrices, Table 2. Usually, bromide traces increase the rate of the reactions with free chlorine when parent compounds undergo halogenation processes (Quintana et al, 2014). In summary, the effects of pH, bromide and water matrix in the half-lives of IRB and LOS ( Fig.…”

Section: Degradation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Free chlorine reactions of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Kinetics study, transformation products elucidation and in-silico ecotoxicity assessment

Carpinteiro

Castro

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA II) are widely employed in the treatment of hypertension-related diseases. Because of their partial metabolization and limited biodegradability, these drugs have become ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment, including surface water. This research evaluated the reactivity of the ARA II drugs: irbesartan (IRB), losartan (LOS) telmisartan (TEL) and valsartan (VAL) with free chlorine. Responses of parent compounds and their transformation products (TPs) were followed by liquid chromatography (LC) with quadrupole (Q) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. Degradation experiments were carried out using ultrapure and river water samples, adjusted at different pHs and, in some cases, adding a small amount (ng mL level) of bromide salts. Whilst TEL and VAL remained stable in presence of relatively high concentrations of free chlorine (10 mg L), IRB and LOS were removed according to a pseudo-first order kinetics model. Considering an initial chlorine concentration of 10 mg L, their half-lives varied between 6 and 734 min, depending mostly on the water pH. IRB reacted with free chlorine through hydroxylation processes, with and without molecular cleavage and re-arrangements in the imidazolone ring. Its TPs showed a lower in-silico predicted toxicity than the parent drug. In case of LOS, two major competitive degradation routes were identified. They involved replacement of the methanol group attached to the imidazole cycle by chlorine or bromine, and the cleavage of this cycle with removal of the chlorinated carbon and the nitrogen in alpha position. The TPs generated following the first route are predicted to be more toxic than LOS.

show abstract

Section: Degradation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Chlorine concentration and water pH can be considered as representative of those existing during pre-chlorination of raw water at drinking water production plants (Huerta-Fontela et al, 2011;Quintana et al, 2014). Solutions were allowed to react overnight (16 h), at room temperature.…”

Section: Degradation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free chlorine reactions of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Kinetics study, transformation products elucidation and in-silico ecotoxicity assessment

Carpinteiro

Castro

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Transformation pathways during the abatement of micropollutants by oxidation processes are important for the evaluation of a specific process. RCS were reported to produce chloroproducts. ,,,, For RNS, nitro-group addition was reported on the ortho/para position of phenolic compounds by • NO 2 oxidation. , For disinfection byproducts (DBPs), chloroform (TCM) was reported to be the dominant DBP in the degradation of diethyltoluamide and caffeine by UV/NH 2 Cl, whereas nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) such as trichloroacetonitrile and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) were not observed . On the other hand, N-DBPs such as N-nitrosamines, chloropicrin (TCNM), and DCAN were reported to form at higher contents under UV/chloramine coexposure scenarios than under chloramination alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Nitrogen Species Are Also Involved in the Transformation of Micropollutants by the UV/Monochloramine Process

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The UV/monochloramine (NH2Cl) process is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP) in water treatment via radicals produced from the UV photolysis of NH2Cl. This study investigated the degradation of micropollutants by the UV/NH2Cl AOP, with ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NPX) selected as representative micropollutants. Hydroxyl radical (HO•) and chlorine atom (Cl•) were identified in the process, and unexpectedly, we found that reactive nitrogen species (RNS) also played important roles in the transformation of micropollutants. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis proved the production of •NO as well as HO•. The concentrations of HO•, Cl•, and •NO in UV/NH2Cl remained constant at pH 6.0–8.6, resulting in the slightly changed UV fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constants (k′) of IBP and NPX, which were about 1.65 × 10–3 and 2.54 × 10–3 cm2/mJ, respectively. For IBP, the relative contribution of RNS to k′ was 27.8% at pH 7 and 50 μM NH2Cl, which was higher than that of Cl• (6.5%) but lower than that of HO• (58.7%). For NPX, the relative contribution of RNS to k′ was 13.6%, which was lower than both Cl• (23.2%) and HO• (46.9%). The concentrations of HO•, Cl•, and •NO increased with the increasing NH2Cl dosage. Water matrix components of natural organic matter (NOM) and bicarbonate can scavenge HO•, Cl•, and RNS. The presence of 5 mg/L NOM decreased the k′ of IBP and NPX by 66.9 and 57.6%, respectively, while 2 mM bicarbonate decreased the k′ of IBP by 57.4% but increased the k′ of NPX by 10.5% due to the contribution of CO3 •– to NPX degradation. Products containing nitroso-, hydroxyl-, and chlorine-groups were detected during the degradation of IBP and NPX by UV/NH2Cl, indicating the role of nitrogen oxide radical (•NO) as well as HO• and Cl•. Trichloronitromethane formation was strongly enhanced in the UV/NH2Cl-treated samples, further indicating the important roles of RNS in this process. This study first demonstrates the involvement of RNS in the transformation of micropollutants in UV/NH2Cl.

show abstract

“…chlorine, ozone, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ferrate or UV radiation [16]. Yet, such disinfectants can generate transformation products (TPs) which could be more toxic than the precursor compounds themselves [16,17]. Among those disinfection techniques, the commonest one is chlorination, which is used in more than 90% of Western Europe because of its low cost [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of phenazone-type drugs and metabolites with chlorine and monochloramine

Sieira

Quintana

Cela

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants upon Reaction with Conventional Water Disinfection Oxidants

Cited by 7 publications

References 104 publications

Free chlorine reactions of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Kinetics study, transformation products elucidation and in-silico ecotoxicity assessment

Free chlorine reactions of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Kinetics study, transformation products elucidation and in-silico ecotoxicity assessment

Reactive Nitrogen Species Are Also Involved in the Transformation of Micropollutants by the UV/Monochloramine Process

Reaction of phenazone-type drugs and metabolites with chlorine and monochloramine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About