Oxalic Acid in Saliva, Teeth and Tooth Tartar

Abstract

Summary:Oxalic acid was determined in human saliva, teeth, tartar, and in animal teeth. Saliva from dentally healthy male subjects contained 0.10 ± 0.09 mmol/1 (n = 41) and those of dentally healthy female subjects 0.18 ± 0.17 mmol/1 (n = 40). Oxalic acid in tartar from 16 patients was 3.3 ± 1.2 mmol/kg tartar. In human teeth, oxalic acid was 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/kg in milk teeth (n = 12) and 0.9 ± 0.6 mmol/kg in permanent teeth (n = 60). Human teeth were sorted into age groups and into molars, incisors and premolars. In animal teeth, oxalic acid content varied widely. The formed calcium oxalate is proposed to be a 'physiologicaP protective mechanism for teeth.

The apical anion exchanger Slc26a6 promotes oxalate secretion by murine submandibular gland acinar cells

“…It has been suggested that urolithiasis and sialolithes may be linked (42,43). Indeed, oxalate is secreted in human saliva (44) and is detected in sialolithes (25,26). Accordingly, we found that Cl Ϫ /oxalate exchanger activity in the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells was eliminated in Slc26a6 Ϫ/Ϫ mice.…”

“…The functional importance of oxalate in saliva remains to be determined, but one possibility is that insoluble calcium oxalate crystals deposit on the surface of the teeth, where it protects tooth enamel from the acid formed by oral bacteria following carbohydrate ingestion. Consistent with this model, oxalate is found on tooth enamel in various animals (44), whereas oxalic acid applied to teeth forms crystals and acts as a sealant on the enamel surface of the teeth (45). In addition to its physiological role on tooth enamel, it is noteworthy that oxalate is detectable in salivary stones (25,26), suggesting that, under some conditions, Slc26a6-mediated oxalate secretion may contribute to sialolithiasis.…”

Calcium Oxalate Differentiates Human Monocytes Into Inflammatory M1 Macrophages

“…For children with primary hyperoxaluria type 1, serum levels have been reported to be 125.7 µmol/l ( 25 ). In the saliva of 41 healthy males and 40 females, oxalate was reported to range from 0.10 ± 0.09 and 0.18 ± 0.17 µM, respectively ( 26 ). Oxalate in tartar was reported to be 3.3 ± 1.2 mmol/kg tartar ( 26 ).…”

“…In the saliva of 41 healthy males and 40 females, oxalate was reported to range from 0.10 ± 0.09 and 0.18 ± 0.17 µM, respectively ( 26 ). Oxalate in tartar was reported to be 3.3 ± 1.2 mmol/kg tartar ( 26 ). In urine, normal individuals excrete 0.222–0.444 mmol (20–40 mg) of oxalate daily; however, for individuals with primary hyperoxaluria, urinary oxalate excretion is 1.5–3.0 mmols (135–270 mg) per day ( 27 ).…”

A comparison between corrosion performances of titanium grade 2 and 7 in strong reducing acids

“…It is also naturally present in human saliva, tooth tartar, and teeth, with a concentration ranging from 0.09 mmol/L for man to 0.17 mmol/L for woman; an increasing amount of oxalic acid is found in smokers and people with carious lesions. [16] Titanium, commonly chosen for the production of dental prosthesis, resists oxalic acid up to 5% at 35°C, whereas for concentration until 10% at 60°C, the corrosion rate reaches 11.4 mm/year. [6] Table 1 offers a list of corrosion rate, evaluated from weight loss data, for titanium grade 2, considering different concentrations and temperatures of the acids previously reported.…”