Overview on antibacterial metabolites from terrestrialAspergillusspp

Abstract

Medicines developed from natural sources are a frequent target for the research and discovery of antimicrobial compounds. Discovering of penicillin in 1928 was a motive to explore of nature as a source of new antimicrobial agents. Fungi produce a diverse range of bioactive metabolites, making them rich source of different types of medicines. The purpose of this paper was to review studies on antibacterials from terrestrial Aspergillus published exclusively during 1942-2018, with emphasis on their antibacterial activities, structures, and mechanisms of action if present. According to the results from different studies in the world, large number of compounds and extracts showed different activities against different bacterial species, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most prominent result was that of the compound CJ-17,665, isolated from A. ochraceus, showing good activity against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is well-recognised to be one of the most important current public health problem. These findings may motivate scientists to undertake a project that may result in the development of novel antibacterial drugs from terrestrial-derived Aspergillus spp., although further toxicity assays (in vivo) must be performed before their application.

Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophytes in Solanum mauritianum

“…The results of the disc diffusion assay showed inhibition by all nine fungal endophyte crude extracts on all the test bacteria. There are many studies in literature on penicillin as the most important antibiotic and as the first discovered antibiotic in history [35][36][37][38] successfully used to treat bacterial infections and has been isolated from the fungus P. chrysogenum [35]. The endophytic fungi P. chrysogenum crude extract showed potential as an antibiotic with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect in this study.…”

In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxicity Activities of Aspergillus oryzae Isolated From El-Baida Marsh in Algeria

“…20 Both Penicilium and Aspergillus are known for their extensive production of the same metabolites with various biological activities, including antibacterial and antifungal activities. 3 However initially, the antibiotics produced by Aspergilli were called aspirgillin, but recent studies have found that A. oryzae is able to produce several secondary metabolites with antibiotic effect such as aspergillormarasmine, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), kojic acid, 3-nitropropionic acid, maltorizine, violacetin, whose production has been investigated only on barley extract as an antibiotic 21 , in addition to Asperfuran as an antifungal agent 22 , as well as CJ-17.665A isolated from A. ochraceus. 3 A. oryzae fungus belongs to the family of A. flavus, but it doesn't produce aflatoxin 23 , however, some mycotoxins have been isolated from A. oryzae, including kojic acid, and βnitropropionic acid (BNP).…”

“…3 However initially, the antibiotics produced by Aspergilli were called aspirgillin, but recent studies have found that A. oryzae is able to produce several secondary metabolites with antibiotic effect such as aspergillormarasmine, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), kojic acid, 3-nitropropionic acid, maltorizine, violacetin, whose production has been investigated only on barley extract as an antibiotic 21 , in addition to Asperfuran as an antifungal agent 22 , as well as CJ-17.665A isolated from A. ochraceus. 3 A. oryzae fungus belongs to the family of A. flavus, but it doesn't produce aflatoxin 23 , however, some mycotoxins have been isolated from A. oryzae, including kojic acid, and βnitropropionic acid (BNP). ), and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), and some researchers have reported that kojic acid has strong inhibiting activity against tyrosinase and antibacterial activity, while recent studies have shown that kojic acid may be a possible carcinogen.…”

“…Many intensive studies, mainly on terrestrialderived and marine-derived fungi, displayed that fungi are a rich source of unique bioactive substances. 3 Fungi are important source of secondary metabolites with novel biological activities. 4 Many fungal extracts substances have been found for their antimicrobial activity mainly from the fungus Penicillium, 5 that they supply a rich source of compounds for therapeutic applications including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents .…”

Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi in Pometia pinnata against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Aspergillus endophytes are the potential (Rani et al 2017). The species of Aspergillus which has been known to have the most antibacterial activity is A. fumigatus (Chagas et al 2017;Al-Fakih and Almaqtri 2019;El-Hawari et al 2020 MRSA bacterial cell damage by antimicrobial compound in the extract Staphylococcus cells have round shapes. Through SEM it can be seen that MRSA cells treated with ethyl acetate extract of L. theobromae AM72 culture undergone deformation of indentation of cells inwards ( Figure 6).…”