Low production capacity and the traditional farming method that is practiced in Indonesia have resulted in Indonesia dependent on imports to fulfil the demand. Meat, milk, eggs, even skins still can not be fully supplied from national production. Livestock supply chain strategies such as the application of the creative economy and creative industries are needed to overcome the dependency gap on imported raw materials. The challenge in Indonesia is lack of technology & knowledge. This study aimed to determine the role of the creative economy and the creative industry in improving the livestock supply chain in Indonesia. This study used a conceptual method from a literature study. Currently, the creative economy and creative industries are still relatively at the level of SMEs. The recurring problem shows the weak management of technology and knowledge. Based on the literature study result, the creative economy and creative industries can increase the supply of livestock in Indonesia. Hopefully the research on creative economy strategies and creative industries will not only become a trend but also sustainable in the future.
Abstract. Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are able to produce bioactive compounds which potentially contain medicinal ingredients. Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst & G. Forst) is one of Indonesian medicinal plants. This research aims to test antibacterial activities of ethyl acetate extract of matoa’s endophytic fungi to Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and also identify isolates having high antibacterial activity. Initial test on antibacterial activity was conducted by using paper disc diffusion, while advanced test was conducted by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fungi were identified in morphological and molecular manner with amplification and sequencing of ITS region. Bacterial cells exposed to the extract were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Isolate AM72 was found out to have the highest antibacterial activity compared to other 12 isolates tested, with inhibition zone diameter of 31.57 mm to S. aureus and 22.87 mm to MRSA. Isolate AM72 was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Isolate BMB identified as Aspergillus oryzae produced inhibition zone with 21.96 mm diameter to S. aureus and 21.50 mm diameter to MRSA. Advanced test to isolate AM72 gave the same MIC results to S. aureus and MRSA of 1.56%. Antibacterial compound produced by isolate AM72 were found out to be able to damage bacterial cell walls. Keywords: Antibacterial, Endohpytic Fungi, Matoa, S. aureus, MRSA
Environmental effects due to carbon dioxide in Indonesia tend to increase and arable lands are shrinking. These things are accompanied by population and economic growth, making the need for food higher so that the livestock production index increases. After the economic crisis caused by the subprime mortgage, the livestock production index gradually recovered and increased consistently in 2009-2018. However, it turns out that the contribution of the livestock sector to the economy in 2011-2013 was still below the agricultural and plantation sectors. The purpose of this research was to analyze the cointegration and causality relationship of livestock production index, carbon dioxide damage, arable land, population growth, and GDP growth using the VECM method for time series data from 1970-2018. The results show that there was cointegration between variables. The causality test shows that population growth and carbon dioxide damage affect each other. Meanwhile, the livestock production index on population growth has a one-way causality pattern. Arable land on carbon dioxide damage also has a oneway causality pattern. In general, the VECM model shows that there is a long-term relationship between the variables that were used in this research.
The emerging of antimicrobial resistance become a global concern, encouraging researchers to find out alternative antimicrobial compounds. Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants become promising sources because of their ability to produce medical bioactive. This study aimed at bioprospecting fungal endophytes from an ethnobotanical medicinal plant, Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst & G Forst for their antimicrobial activity. Endophytic fungi isolated from leaf, stem, and root aseptically. Ten selected endophytes were cultured and then extracted using ethyl acetate. Screening antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract carried out by paper disk diffusion assay against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. TLC-bioautography assay was used to study the type of secondary metabolite which has antibacterial activity. Identification of endophytic fungi based on morphology and ITS sequence using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The result showed that two isolates have antibacterial activity but only one isolate exhibits strong antibacterial activity with a diameter of inhibition zone 21 mm. The isolate was identified as Aspergillus minisclerotigenes with 100% identity of the ITS sequence using BLAST software on NCBI. TLC assay indicated that ethyl acetate extract of A. minisclerotigenes contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids while TLC bioautography showed that its phenolic compound appeared antibacterial activity.
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