Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophytes in Solanum mauritianum

Pelo, Sharon; Mavumengwana, Vuyo; Green, Ezekiel

doi:10.3390/ijerph17020439

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…A voucher specimen number BTNPSP02 was issued. Fungal endophytes were isolated within 24 h of collection in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MPMERG) laboratory of the Biotechnology and Food Technology Department at the University of Johannesburg and identified as reported in a previous study (Pelo et al, 2020). The fungal endophytes used in this study were initially isolated and identified in our previous study (Pelo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal endophytes were isolated within 24 h of collection in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (MPMERG) laboratory of the Biotechnology and Food Technology Department at the University of Johannesburg and identified as reported in a previous study (Pelo et al, 2020). The fungal endophytes used in this study were initially isolated and identified in our previous study (Pelo et al, 2020). The eight fungal endophytes investigated in this study were Paracamarosporium leucadendri, Aureobasidium pullulans, Collectotrichum boninense, Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Talaromyces sp., Hyalodendriella sp., and Penicillium chrysogenum (from the leaves), Penicillium chrysogenum (from the unripe fruit) (Pelo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungal endophytes used in this study were initially isolated and identified in our previous study (Pelo et al, 2020). The eight fungal endophytes investigated in this study were Paracamarosporium leucadendri, Aureobasidium pullulans, Collectotrichum boninense, Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Talaromyces sp., Hyalodendriella sp., and Penicillium chrysogenum (from the leaves), Penicillium chrysogenum (from the unripe fruit) (Pelo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by Inqaba Biotec Africa's Genomics Company according to Katoch et al (2017). The identified fungal endophytes grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Marcellano et al, 2017) were cut into 10 mm plugs as explained by Pelo et al, (2020) and grown on potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 14 days at 25 ℃ ± 2 ℃ under static conditions. Next, two different solvents, ethyl acetate and chloroform, were used for extraction.…”

Section: Extraction Of Crude Extracts From Fungal Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be applied as bio-fumigators to replace pesticides (Kaddes et al, 2019), in industrial chemicals (benzene), in solvents (acetone, toluene, xylene), in medicine as antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs (Vasundhara et al, 2019) and in biological controls such as antifungal agents (Tilocca et al, 2020). Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi, including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, hydrocarbons, quinines, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and terpenes, all have documented anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-leishmanial, anti-neoplastic, anti-proliferative, antioxidant and insecticidal activities, and are well known to confer protection to the host plant (Bogner et al, 2017;Pelo et al, 2020;Sánchez-Fernández et al, 2016;Shankar et al, 2014;Vasundhara et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemotaxonomic profiling of fungal endophytes of Solanum mauritianum (alien weed) using gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS)

2021

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Introduction Since ancient times medicinal plants have been used as medicine in many parts of the world to promote human health and longevity. In recent years many novel secondary metabolites of plants have been isolated and reported to provide lead compounds for new drug discoveries. Solanum mauritianum Scopoli is native to South America. It is reported to be used by native South Americans during famine as a vegetable and as medicine to cure various diseases. In South Africa the plant is viewed as weed and is facing eradication, however, this plant is a valuable subject for research into its potential pharmaceutical and chemical uses. This study elucidated the metabolic profile of fungal endophytes that have promising bioactive secondary metabolites against pathogenic microorganisms, including mycobacterium species. Material and methods Fungal endophytes from a weed Solanum mauritianum Scop. were used to synthesize secondary metabolites. Gas chromatograph high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS) was used to analyse volatile compounds to prove that potentially fungal endophytes could be extracted from this weed. Extracts obtained with ethyl acetate were screened for phytochemicals and analyzed using a gas chromatograph high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Principal component analysis was used to compare the gas chromatograph high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry data for differences/similarities in their clustering. Phytochemical screening was conducted on the crude extracts of fungal endophytes obtained from different parts of Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (leaves, ripe fruit, unripe fruit and stems). Results Phytochemical screening indicated the presents of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, quinones and saponins. Quinones were not present in the crude extracts of Fusarium sp. A total of 991 compounds were observed in the fungal endophytes, and Cladosporium sp. (23.8%) had the highest number of compounds, compared to Paracamarosporium leucadendri (1.7%) and Talaromyces sp. (1.5%). Some volatile compounds such as eicosane, 2-pentadecanone, 2-methyloctacosane, hexacosane and tridecanoic acid methyl ester with antibacterial activity were also observed. Conclusion Compositional variations between the plant and fungal endophyte phytochemicals were observed. The results of this study indicate that fungal endophytes from Solanum mauritianum Scop. contain compounds that can be exploited for numerous pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%