Overview of Real-Time Simulation as a Supporting Effort to Smart-Grid Attainment

Ibarra, Luis; Rosales, Antonio; Ponce, Pedro; Molina, Arturo

doi:10.3390/en10060817

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In order to validate the proposed PM algorithm, the system depicted in Figure 1 was modeled and validated by the OPAL‐RT based OP 4500 real‐time grid simulator 21,29,38,41,43,48‐50 …”

Section: Real‐time Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power management algorithm for a conservative power theory battery storage based multi‐functional three phase grid connectedPVinverter

Oruganti

Sarma

Mortezaei

et al. 2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Objective A conservative power theory (CPT) based two‐stage three‐phase multi‐functional grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter (MGCPI) with auxiliary battery storage system (BSS) is proposed in this article. This proposed configuration offers selective power injection and power conditioning to the consumers. A power management (PM) algorithm is developed to decide the best mode of operation of the MGCPI, taking into account the state‐of‐charge (SOC) of the BSS and the available power at the solar‐PV source for effective coordination between BSS and PV source. Methods CPT is used for computing the MGCPI current reference signals for multi‐functional operations. The feed‐forward linear control systems are designed using classical frequency response analysis for a synergetic operation of BSS and MGCPI. The whole system configuration is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink and validated in real‐time with PM algorithm for unbalanced linear and nonlinear loads using OPAL‐RT based OP4500 grid emulator. Result The injected power, percentage THD of individual phase currents, true power factor, and unbalanced current are measured for various modes of operation. The proposed MGCPI with BSS improves the power quality (PQ) and also injects seamless power at the point of common coupling (PCC) to reduce the grid consumption. Conclusion The real‐time results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for unbalanced nonlinear loads in smart electric grid, provisioning harmonic‐free electrical power as per the requirements of IEEE 519‐2014, IEEE 1547a‐2018 standards.

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“…In order to validate the proposed PM algorithm, the system depicted in Figure 1 was modeled and validated by the OPAL‐RT based OP 4500 real‐time grid simulator 21,29,38,41,43,48‐50 …”

Section: Real‐time Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power management algorithm for a conservative power theory battery storage based multi‐functional three phase grid connectedPVinverter

Oruganti

Sarma

Mortezaei

et al. 2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Typical applications of OPAL-RT equipment can be listed according to simulation steps such as Power Systems and Power Electronics Simulation: network solution: 10-100 µs Table 1 Comparison among different commercial real-time simulators considering OS compatibility and simulation software compatibility (Faruque et al 2015;Ibarra et al 2017;Belanger et al 2010…”

Section: Opal-rtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Simulators Applied to Brazilian Power Systems: A Review

Oliveira

García

et al. 2020

J Control Autom Electr Syst

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This paper presents a review on real-time simulators and their use applied to power systems in Brazil. The review comprises most of the current research made in institutions/enterprises that own real-time simulators as well as the application trends of related technologies, considering both conferences and journals published papers. It is observed that several Brazilian universities have simulators in real-time and that the publications in journals have been increased, which shows that the learning curve of the Brazilian research institutions has led to an improvement in the quality of the publications. It is also important to emphasize that the analysis of real systems in most publications indicates a trend and a demand for studies with simulators in real time, to solve problems of companies of the electric sector. Related with works that use real systems in their simulations, several publications were generated in the context of R&D projects. This shows that real-time simulators are very relevant tools for studies on power systems of companies in the electricity sector, aligning scientific research and the provision of highly specialized services.

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“…These equations can be discretized using different numerical methods but the simplest method to be used is explicit Euler [30]. While this method presents several disadvantages such as greater local and global error and risk of instability, these problems are negligible whenever very small integration steps (below microseconds) are used, so it is frequently used for HIL systems in power electronics [13,[31][32][33]. Therefore, the previous Equations (1) and (2) can be discretized and the state variables can be defined as:…”

Section: Application Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Limits of Floating-Point Resolution for Hardware-In-the-Loop Implemented with FPGAs

2018

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As the performance of digital devices is improving, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) techniques are being increasingly used. HIL systems are frequently implemented using FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) as they allow faster calculations and therefore smaller simulation steps. As the simulation step is reduced, the incremental values for the state variables are reduced proportionally, increasing the difference between the current value of the state variable and its increments. This difference can lead to numerical resolution issues when both magnitudes cannot be stored simultaneously in the state variable. FPGA-based HIL systems generally use 32-bit floating-point due to hardware and timing restrictions but they may suffer from these resolution problems. This paper explores the limits of 32-bit floating-point arithmetics in the context of hardware-in-the-loop systems, and how a larger format can be used to avoid resolution problems. The consequences in terms of hardware resources and running frequency are also explored. Although the conclusions reached in this work can be applied to any digital device, they can be directly used in the field of FPGAs, where the designer can easily use custom floating-point arithmetics.

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Overview of Real-Time Simulation as a Supporting Effort to Smart-Grid Attainment

Cited by 35 publications

References 61 publications

Power management algorithm for a conservative power theory battery storage based multi‐functional three phase grid connectedPVinverter

Power management algorithm for a conservative power theory battery storage based multi‐functional three phase grid connectedPVinverter

Real-Time Simulators Applied to Brazilian Power Systems: A Review

Exploring the Limits of Floating-Point Resolution for Hardware-In-the-Loop Implemented with FPGAs

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