Overview of antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome

Abstract

In 2003, an outbreak of a novel respiratory virus exploded from mainland China into an international issue, catching the world by surprise. The ensuing challenges to hospital and public health workers rose to a level never before seen in healthcare, in part due to the unknown nature of the disease, the fear of the human-to-human transmission and the significant media involvement. A new coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and named the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated virus. A number of antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment strategies were explored during the epidemic, with varying success. Following the epidemic, in vitro antiviral analyses of numerous compounds have been conducted. This review summarizes treatment agents assessed during and after the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, with the aim of guiding future decision makers should the virus return.

Associations between immune-suppressive and stimulating drugs and novel COVID-19—a systematic review of current evidence

“…• SARS vaccination was tested in a murine SARS model. A high level of IL-6 and on days 2 and 3 after SARS-CoV infection was closely linked to the virus replication and disease severity [32] • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 are key SARS-CoV-induced epithelial cytokines capable of inhibiting the T-cell-priming ability of dendritic cells, a cellular element of the host innate defenses against respiratory infections, leading to an exacerbated inflammatory cascades and severe tissue damage in SARS patients [33].…”

COVID-19 and treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids: should we be limiting their use in the clinical setting?

“…A search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE and 13 studies were identified as suitable for inclusion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Due to COVID-19's novel status and disease similarities, studies relating to the 2002 SARS-CoV outbreak were also selected for review and these formed the majority of the literature.…”

Molecular Docking Studies of SARS-Cov-2 Mainprotease Potential Inhibitors

“…The previous study showed that this drug was used as an experimental standard. This drug was also successfull in inhibiting HIV, SARS, and MERS treatments 7,36 . Lopinavir is used in combination with ritonavir to cure COVID-19 patients in several countries 51 .…”

“…In ammation Drugs (NSAIDs) 35,36 . In general, NSAIDs are used as a pain killer for acute to chronic in ammation.…”

“…Lopinavir is used in combination with ritonavir to cure COVID-19 patients in several countries 51 . Lopinavir is also co-formulated with ribavirin for an inhibitor of SARS-Cov 36 . The routine use of this drug has received a weak recommendation because it does not have su cient evidence in the case of this pandemic 58 In Pa calculation, umifenovir has speci c activity an in uenza antiviral.…”