Overtopping layer thickness and overtopping flow velocity on mound breakwaters

Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions

“…As explained in Mares-Nasarre et al [9], two corrections were applied to the crest freeboard because of its impact on wave overtopping: (1) the extracted accumulated overtopping volumes during a working day, and (2) the natural evaporation and facility leakages. These corrections produced a small increase in the considered crest freeboard over time on the order of 10 mm for a long working day (a 3.9% variation in terms of water depth).…”

“…Mares-Nasarre et al [9] adapted the formulas given by Schüttrumpf and Van Gent [8] to estimate h c,2% (x c = B/2) on mound breakwaters with m = 2% and 0.2 ≤ H s /h s ≤ 0.7. These authors proposed new empirical coefficients and roughness factors for three armor layers (Cubipod ® -1Layer, randomly placed cube-2Layers, and rock-2Layers).…”

“…Schüttrumpf and Van Gent [8] x x x x x Van der Meer et al [14] x x x x x EurOtop [8] x x x x x Mares-Nasarre et al [9] x…”

“…There is extensive literature on q (see EurOtop 2018 [4] and Molines and Medina [5]) and individual wave overtopping volumes (see Nørgaard et al [6] and Molines et al [7]) on mound breakwaters. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on OLT and OFV on dikes (see Schüttrumpf and Van Gent [8]) or on mound breakwaters (see Mares-Nasarre et al [9]). Those studies [8,9] considered variables related to wave characteristics and structure geometry as significant when estimating OLT and OFV.…”

“…Nevertheless, few studies have focused on OLT and OFV on dikes (see Schüttrumpf and Van Gent [8]) or on mound breakwaters (see Mares-Nasarre et al [9]). Those studies [8,9] considered variables related to wave characteristics and structure geometry as significant when estimating OLT and OFV. However, the bottom slope (m) has a significant influence on the type of wave breaking at the toe of the structure.…”