Overtime, psychosocial working conditions, and occurrence of non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Japanese men

Abstract

Objectives-To ascertain the eVects of overtime and psychosocial job conditions on the occurrence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Japan. Design-An eight year prospective cohort study. Setting-An electrical company in Japan. Participants-In 1984, a mailed questionnaire was sent to industrial workers of an electrical company in Japan. After excluding those who had a history of diabetes mellitus or other chronic diseases, 2597 male respondents were prospectively followed up for the succeeding eight years. Data from 2194 (84%) who were completely followed up were analysed. The occurrence of NIDDM during the follow up period was assessed according to the WHO criteria on the basis of an annual screening programme. Main results-The age adjusted incidence of NIDDM was significantly higher in those who worked overtime more than 50 hours per month than in those who worked 25 hours or less per month (p<0.05). It was significantly higher in those who worked with new technology at baseline than in those who did not (p<0.05). Cox's proportional hazard model indicated that those who worked overtime more than 50 hours per month had 3.7 times higher risk of NIDDM after controlling for known risk factors (p<0.01) and those who worked with new technology had 2.4 times higher risk of NIDDM (p<0.05). Conclusions-It is suggested that longer overtime and use of new technology are risk factors of NIDDM in Japanese men.

Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A meta-analysis

“…For example, Cushing's syndrome, sleeping disorders, work stress and schizophrenia [30][31][32][33] appeared to be associated with an increased level of cortisol and also with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, although studies on sleep disorders showed inconsistent results regarding risk of diabetes [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Aromatherapy alleviates endothelial dysfunction of medical staff after night-shift work: preliminary observations

“…Several risk factors were exacerbated by night-shift work. [3][4][5][6][7][8] However, elimination of night-shift work is unlikely to be possible for most medical staff, although reduction in the frequency and duration of shifts is recommended. 1,21 Aromatherapy is a relatively inexpensive way to reduce anxiety that does not involve side effects.…”

“…Night-shift work disrupts the normal biological and/or social diurnal rhythms, which are factors in cardiovascular disease, 1,2 as well as in a widening variety of other chronic diseases, including glucose intolerance, 3,4 hypertension 5,6 and depression. 7,8 Endothelium function, which is strongly associated with the onset and development of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, [9][10][11] has been shown to be impaired after night-shift work.…”

Stress and Diabetes: A Review of the Links

“…Other research has also supported the hypothesis that stressful experiences can lead to increased risk for developing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. [3][4][5] In a large population-based survey of glucose intolerance, Mooy et al 6 demonstrated an association between stressful experiences and the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Although this was a cross-sectional study, the authors investigated stress levels in people with previously undetected diabetes in order to rule out the possibility that the disease itself influenced reports of stressful experiences.…”