“…Whether similar protein unfolding phenomena occur when nanoparticles are bound to a solid surface is unknown. Significant effort has been carried out to determine the immune response of cells to various nanorough surfaces, but little is known about the role of adsorbed proteins on these nanoscale processes. How proteins adsorb and unfold in response to nanotopography, and how this affects immune responses is still an open question that must be answered to gain predictable control over host responses to implanted biomaterials.…”
Surface nanotopograpy has been recognized as an important regulator of cellular responses including those of immune cells, the latter being of particular importance for implantable materials since these can determine biomaterial fate. In this paper, evidence is provided that the scale of surface nanotopography modulates the conformation of attached serum proteins, which in turn controls immune cell adhesion and activation. Model surfaces of tailored nanotopography of heights of 16, 38, and 68 nm are created by covalent immobilization of gold nanoparticles to an oxazoline-rich plasma polymer film. This strategy not only produces surfaces of tailored nanofeature density but allows control of the outermost surface chemistry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and Mac-1 positive THP-1 monocytes studies demonstrate distinct protein unfolding patterns, which upregulate or downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cells attachment. The findings presented in this paper shed light on the missing relationship between surface nanotopography, protein unfolding, and the immune response. On the other hand, this work demonstrates the possibility to use specifically tailored surface nanotoporaphy scales to modulate and achieve desired immune responses.
“…Whether similar protein unfolding phenomena occur when nanoparticles are bound to a solid surface is unknown. Significant effort has been carried out to determine the immune response of cells to various nanorough surfaces, but little is known about the role of adsorbed proteins on these nanoscale processes. How proteins adsorb and unfold in response to nanotopography, and how this affects immune responses is still an open question that must be answered to gain predictable control over host responses to implanted biomaterials.…”
Surface nanotopograpy has been recognized as an important regulator of cellular responses including those of immune cells, the latter being of particular importance for implantable materials since these can determine biomaterial fate. In this paper, evidence is provided that the scale of surface nanotopography modulates the conformation of attached serum proteins, which in turn controls immune cell adhesion and activation. Model surfaces of tailored nanotopography of heights of 16, 38, and 68 nm are created by covalent immobilization of gold nanoparticles to an oxazoline-rich plasma polymer film. This strategy not only produces surfaces of tailored nanofeature density but allows control of the outermost surface chemistry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and Mac-1 positive THP-1 monocytes studies demonstrate distinct protein unfolding patterns, which upregulate or downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cells attachment. The findings presented in this paper shed light on the missing relationship between surface nanotopography, protein unfolding, and the immune response. On the other hand, this work demonstrates the possibility to use specifically tailored surface nanotoporaphy scales to modulate and achieve desired immune responses.
“…Similarly, in another study, it was demonstrated that compared to micron‐sized electrospun polyurethane fibers, nano‐sized ones resulted in minimal macrophage responses in vitro and in vivo and induced only mild foreign body reactions …”
Section: Immune‐engineering Strategies Of Electrospun Scaffoldsmentioning
The promise of tissue engineering is to improve or restore functions of impaired tissues or organs. However, one of the biggest challenges to its translation to clinical applications is the lack of tissue integration and functionality. The plethora of cellular and molecular events occurring following scaffold implantation is a major bottleneck. Recent studies confirmed that inflammation is a crucial component influencing tissue regeneration. Immuno‐modulation or immune‐engineering has been proposed as a potential solution to overcome this key challenge in regenerative medicine. In this review, strategies to modify scaffold physicochemical properties through the use of the electrospinning technique to modulate host response and improve scaffold integration will be discussed. Electrospinning, being highly versatile allows the fabrication of ECM‐mimicking scaffolds and also offers the possibility to control scaffold properties for instance, tailoring of fiber properties, chemical conjugation or physical adsorption of non‐immunogenic materials on the scaffold surface, encapsulating cells or anti‐inflammatory molecules within the scaffold. Such electrospun scaffold‐based immune‐engineering strategies can significantly improve the resulting outcomes of tissue engineering scaffolds.
“…Во многих работах констатируется, что при использовании БМ происходит активизация пролиферации клеток фибробластического дифферона соединительной ткани и эпителиоцитов [2,21], однако механизм этого явления нуждается в уточнении. Возможно, что активизация пролиферации и цитодифференцировки клеточных элементов эпителия и соединительной ткани связана с активизацией ростовых и морфогенетических факторов в тканях организма реципиента под воздействием веществ, содержащихся в БМ [27,39,57,58,62]. Имеются сведения о том, что применение БМ приводит к обеспечению оптимальных условий взаимоотношения эпителиальной и соединительной тканей [22].…”
Section: биопластические материалы и репаративные гистогенезыunclassified
“…В последнее время на основе цифровых технологий успешно ведутся разработки небиодеградируемых протезов различных структур организма, которые создаются на основе цифровых моделей при помощи 3D-принтера [8,30,31,50,54,62]. Широкое распространение получили керамические материалы для замены и лечения поврежденных структур организма [43,64].…”
In modern medicine, various biocompatible materials (based on biodegradable natural biopolymers – collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, etc.) are widely used, primarily for the purposes of reconstructive and plastic surgery. The development of these materials and their introduction into clinical practice is an extremely urgent task of regenerative biology and medicine. One of the most important properties of bioplastic materials is their ability to undergo biodegradation and gradually be replaced by the recipient's proper tissues. In this case, the intermediate and final metabolic products of these materials should be included in the natural biochemical cycles of the body without their systemic and local accumulation, and degradation products should lack the toxicity effect. Bioplastic materials can also serve as carriers of biologically active substances, for example, growth factors and morphogenetic proteins, antibacterial substances, as well as pharmacological agents that affect the rate of regeneration. The designed three-dimensional porous structure of new materials, morphologically similar to the structure of body tissues, allows them to ensure the migration of fibroblastic cells, the growth of blood vessels in the area occupied by this material, that is, they can serve as a skeleton (matrix), a basis for histio- and organotypic regenerates developing in various organs. Many bioplastic materials have the ability to enhance angiogenesis, and are also able to activate proliferation and cytodifferentiation of epithelial cells and fibroblast differentiation cells of the connective tissue, which leads to the formation of young connective tissue in the transplant zone and epithelization of organ damage. Thus, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers are able to stimulate reparative histogenesis, providing optimal conditions for the formation of histio- and organotypic regenerates of various tissues and organs.
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