The aim of the study was to elucidate the role and significance of oxytocin in reparative histogenesis of tissues of various genesis using the example of periodontal tissues and extrapulmonary airways.Material and methods. Periodontitis and tracheobronchitis were simulated on sexually mature white outbred male rats. Periodontitis was simulated by traumatic injury to the periodontium, followed by the wound infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Introduction of oxytocin as an additional tool was used in the treatment of periodontitis. Experimental tracheobronchitis was simulated in rats by intratracheal infection with S. aureus (strains with and without antilactoferrin activity). Paraventricular large-cell nuclei of the hypothalamus were additionally destroyed in the simulated experimental tracheobronchitis (in order to reduce the production of endogenous oxytocin). The resulting material (the periodontium, alveolar processes, trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi) was examined using histological methods of investigation.Results. Analysis of histological sections demonstrated that when oxytocin was used in the complex therapy of experimental periodontitis, the proliferation and cyto-differentiation of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and cementoblasts was intensified, followed by their activation; this resulted in the optimization of reparative histogenesis in the structures of the periodontium and alveolar ridge. In animals with destruction of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (against the background of an oxytocin deficiency in the body), a decrease in the reparative potential of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa was observed. Moreover, the severity of the inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi with the introduction of staphylococci with antilactoferrin activity was significantly higher than that of animals that were administered staphylococci without antilactoferrin activity.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the optimizing and correcting effect of the hypothalamic nonapeptide oxytocin on the reparative regeneration of the studied periodontal and the trachea and bronchi structures.
Using a complex of morphological methods, the muscle tissue of 18-month-old gobies of three cattle breeds (Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk) was studied. The results of the study showed that in the biceps femoris muscle and the longest muscle of the back of bulls of Hereford breed, the average diameter of muscle fibers was higher than in animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds. The thickness of the endomysium in the muscles of the animals studied was in the range of 6–13 μm and had no pronounced breed differences. Among the cellular elements of endomysium, endotheliocytes prevailed. Their share was about 80%. Type 1 collagen was higher in Hereford animals. In the muscles of animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds, the content of adipose tissue was higher than in animals of the Hereford breed. The results obtained reflect typical patterns of the structural and functional characteristics of cattle muscle tissue, and also show the range of in-breed variability of the muscle tissue of these animals.
The climatic conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Stavropol Territory influenced the skin of gobies of the Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and Hereford breeds. During the year, the skin of animals changed, which contributed to the adaptation of the body to the climatic conditions of the dry zone. These conditions influenced the histology and morphology of the skin of 18-month-old gobies of Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and Hereford cattle breeds (6 animals of each breed). The results of the study showed that the greatest thickness of the skin has the Kazakh white-headed bullocks (6544±153 microns). The smallest thickness of skin was in animals of the Hereford breed (5602±140 microns). Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed bulls had a higher content of fine (downy) hair than Hereford bulls did. The content of sebaceous glands in Kalmyk bulls was 1.5 times higher than that in Hereford bulls and 1.1 times higher than that in the Kazakh white-headed breed. The number of sweat glands in the Hereford breed was 1.4 times higher than that in animals of the Kalmyk breed and 1.3 times higher than that in the Kazakh white-headed. The highest content of type I collagen is detected in the skin of animals of Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed breeds. The presence of a greater thickness of the dermis in combination with an increased content of sebaceous glands in the skin indicates a higher adaptive capacity of animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds of cattle to live in extreme weather conditions and affects the quality of raw materials.
In modern medicine, various biocompatible materials (based on biodegradable natural biopolymers – collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, etc.) are widely used, primarily for the purposes of reconstructive and plastic surgery. The development of these materials and their introduction into clinical practice is an extremely urgent task of regenerative biology and medicine. One of the most important properties of bioplastic materials is their ability to undergo biodegradation and gradually be replaced by the recipient's proper tissues. In this case, the intermediate and final metabolic products of these materials should be included in the natural biochemical cycles of the body without their systemic and local accumulation, and degradation products should lack the toxicity effect. Bioplastic materials can also serve as carriers of biologically active substances, for example, growth factors and morphogenetic proteins, antibacterial substances, as well as pharmacological agents that affect the rate of regeneration. The designed three-dimensional porous structure of new materials, morphologically similar to the structure of body tissues, allows them to ensure the migration of fibroblastic cells, the growth of blood vessels in the area occupied by this material, that is, they can serve as a skeleton (matrix), a basis for histio- and organotypic regenerates developing in various organs. Many bioplastic materials have the ability to enhance angiogenesis, and are also able to activate proliferation and cytodifferentiation of epithelial cells and fibroblast differentiation cells of the connective tissue, which leads to the formation of young connective tissue in the transplant zone and epithelization of organ damage. Thus, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers are able to stimulate reparative histogenesis, providing optimal conditions for the formation of histio- and organotypic regenerates of various tissues and organs.
Цель исследования -изучить морфологические и иммуногистохимические особенности околоопу-холевых тканей молочных желез у женщин с фиброаденомами.Материал и методы. В исследовании использованы биоптаты околоопухолевых участков тканей молочной железы 58 пациентов, оперированных по поводу фиброаденомы молочной железы. Для свето-оптического исследования материал фиксировали в 10% водном растворе нейтрального формалина, жид-кости Буэна. После стандартной гистологической проводки материал заливали в парафин-целлоидин. Приготовление серийных срезов толщиной 5-7 мкм осуществляли на ротационном микротоме МПС-2. Депарафинированные срезы окрашивали гематоксилином Майера и эозином. Препараты изучали с ис-пользованием световой микроскопии с помощью микроскопа Optika B-350 (Optika, Италия) с использова-нием видеокамеры DCM500. Для проведения иммуногистохимического исследования использованы ан-титела фирмы «Thermo Scientific» (USA): ER, PR, Ki-67, гладкомышечный актин.Результаты. Выявлено, что доброкачественные опухоли возникают на фоне доброкачественной гиперплазии молочных желез. При наличии пролиферативной формы фиброзно-кистозной болезни фор-мируются очаги с избыточным содержанием стероидных рецепторов. Исследование экспрессии Ki-67 по-зволило установить усиление экспрессии Ki-67 в ткани при возникновении пролиферативной формы фиброзно-кистозной болезни. Отмечалась высокая экспрессия гладкомышечного актина при непролифе-ративной и умеренной степени пролиферативной формах мастопатии. В случае пролиферативной формы фиброзно-кистозных изменений выраженной степени экспрессия гладкомышечного актина была слабее.Выводы. Высокая экспрессия маркера пролиферации Ki-67, рецепторов эстрогенов и прогестерона при пролиферативной форме фиброзно-кистозных изменений околоопухолевых тканей является небла-гоприятным фактором прогноза заболевания. Маркерами, определяющими благоприятное течение забо-левания, является высокая экспрессия гладкомышечного актина. Ключевые слова: молочная железа, пролиферация, рецепторы эстрогена, гладкомышечный актин. © A.S.
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